North American T-28
206 on the U.S. register across 6 versions the FAA records separately. Built from 1949 to 1992; half of them date from 1954 or earlier. California has the most (27). 55% are registered to companies, flight schools, clubs and other organisations; the rest to individuals, who are not named here at this time.
About the T-28 from the FAA's model table
- Type
- Fixed-wing, single engine · Piston singles
- Power
- Piston (reciprocating), 1 engine
- Common engines
- Wright R-1820 Ser (93), Wright R-1820-86 (21), Wright R-1300 Ser (16)
- Fuel
- 100LL avgas
- Seats
- 2
- Cruise speed
- about 208 mph
- Built of
- aluminium
- Maker on the register
- North American
- Registered
- earliest certificate June 27, 1978; newest November 4, 2026
Where they are owner's state
Who owns them registrant type
Individual84 (41%)LLC58 (28%)Corporation51 (25%)Co-owned7 (3%)Partnership2 (1.0%)Non-citizen corporation2 (1.0%)Not stated1 (0.5%)Government1 (0.5%)
By owner type, as a table
| aircraft | share | |
|---|---|---|
| Individual | 84 | 41% |
| LLC | 58 | 28% |
| Corporation | 51 | 25% |
| Co-owned | 7 | 3% |
| Partnership | 2 | 1.0% |
| Non-citizen corporation | 2 | 1.0% |
| Not stated | 1 | 0.5% |
| Government | 1 | 0.5% |
Versions as the FAA records them · click one to list only those aircraft
When they were built by decade · 86 with no year on file
Registration status
Valid199 (97%)Renewal notice sent3 (1%)Pending2 (1.0%)Sale reported1 (0.5%)Assigned, not yet registered1 (0.5%)
By status, as a table
| aircraft | share | |
|---|---|---|
| Valid | 199 | 97% |
| Renewal notice sent | 3 | 1% |
| Pending | 2 | 1.0% |
| Sale reported | 1 | 0.5% |
| Assigned, not yet registered | 1 | 0.5% |
Airworthiness certificate class
By airworthiness certificate, as a table
| aircraft | share | |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental | 162 | 79% |
| None on file | 37 | 18% |
| Restricted | 5 | 2% |
| Standard | 1 | 0.5% |
| Multiple | 1 | 0.5% |
Biggest operators companies, schools and clubs
Warbirds 1 LLC2Trojan Phlyers INC2International Air Services INC Trustee2Aircraft Guaranty CORP Trustee2Zeus Flight LLC1Wrong Brothers Aviation LLC1Wpp Nautical LLC1Wings of History Museum of Flight1Wiley Sanders Truck Lines INC1Wildcat Fm-2 INC Trustee1Westfall Holdings LLC1Warpiggs LLC1
Largest fleets, as a table
| aircraft | |
|---|---|
| Warbirds 1 LLC | 2 |
| Trojan Phlyers INC | 2 |
| International Air Services INC Trustee | 2 |
| Aircraft Guaranty CORP Trustee | 2 |
| Zeus Flight LLC | 1 |
| Wrong Brothers Aviation LLC | 1 |
| Wpp Nautical LLC | 1 |
| Wings of History Museum of Flight | 1 |
| Wiley Sanders Truck Lines INC | 1 |
| Wildcat Fm-2 INC Trustee | 1 |
| Westfall Holdings LLC | 1 |
| Warpiggs LLC | 1 |
Fleet pages: International Air Services INC Trustee · Aircraft Guaranty CORP Trustee · Wrong Brothers Aviation LLC · Wpp Nautical LLC
Accident history NTSB records · 46 cases since 1982, 19 fatal
2025-08-11ANC25FA086 · T-28B N28XT · accident near Monticello, IA · 1 killed
2025-08-07WPR25LA244 · T-28C N9748Y · accident near West Wendover, NV · serious injuries
2025-05-17WPR25LA159 · T-28B N28DE · accident near Olivehurst, CA · serious injuries
2022-07-23WPR22FA265 · T-28B N787AS · accident near Fallbrook, CA · 1 killed
2021-08-12WPR21LA318 · T-28B N392W · accident near Puyallup, WA · no injuries
2018-08-23CEN18LA349 · T-28B N215SF · accident near Minneapolis, MN · serious injuries
2017-07-02CEN17LA250 · T-28A N9103F · accident near Moorhead, MN · 1 killed
2012-12-08CEN13LA097 · T-28C N280JM · accident near Moody, TX · minor injuries
The 8 most recent of 46 cases where the NTSB's make and model match this family's versions. Each aircraft's own page also shows its record. How this model compares with others, with the fleet taken into account: Accidents by model in Aviation Analytics.
Questions people ask answers refresh every morning
How many North American T-28 aircraft are registered in the U.S.?
206 as of November 9, 2026, counting 6 versions the FAA records separately.
Which state has the most North American T-28s?
California, with 27.
Who owns the North American T-28?
55% are registered to companies, flight schools, clubs and other organisations; the rest to individuals and co-owners, who are not named on this site at this time.
When were the North American T-28s on the register built?
Between 1949 and 1992; half of them in 1954 or earlier.
How many North American T-28 accidents has the NTSB recorded?
46 accidents and incidents since 1982, 19 of them fatal. A model flown more shows more; the accident analytics compare models per thousand registered.
What is the North American T-28 made of?
The airframe is aluminium: sheet metal over a riveted frame, the way most aircraft have been built since the 1940s. The FAA's type certificate data sheet is the authority for any one model.
What the FAA has certified, ordered and been told about the North American T-28 the component layer
The airframe is aluminium: sheet metal over a riveted frame, the way most aircraft have been built since the 1940s. No FAA order in the current files names this model. 6 approved modifications exist for it, the most by Shadin Avionics.
Approved modifications 6 supplemental type certificates
Changes the FAA has approved for this design, from new avionics and engines to floats and parachutes. The companies holding the most:
Shadin Avionics 1Hammon Aircraft CORP 1Hamilton Aviation INC 1Carma Manufacturing CO 1Avia Union 1Air Fab 1
Latest
2006-06-08SA1207GL · Installation of a fuel flow meter and totalizer system.
1960-01-01SA4-736 · Modification of lower aft access door and installation of brakets and mounts for K-25 camera.
1960-01-01SA4-744 · Camera.
1960-01-01SA4-775 · Mark AN-3 camera in left wing.
1960-01-01SA4-797 · Fabrication and installation of camera mount and K-25 camra.
Sources: the FAA's type certificate data sheets, airworthiness directives, supplemental type certificates, special conditions and special airworthiness information bulletins (Dynamic Regulatory System), and the FAA's service difficulty reports. A failure report is what an operator or repair station chose to file; the counts show reporting as much as reliability, and larger and commercial fleets report more. How the systems are grouped.
Connections how the T-28 links to the rest of the register
Design
- North American 1,297 aircraft on the register
- North American T-28B 89 registered
- North American T-28A 55 registered
- North American T-28C 52 registered
- North American T-28D 8 registered
- North American T-28 1 registered
- North American T-28F 1 registered
- Type certificate 1A18 · held by The Boeing Company
- Built of aluminium
Engines
- Wright R-1820 series 93 of these aircraft · 1475 hp
- Wright R-1820-86 21 of these aircraft · 1425 hp
- Wright R-1300 series 16 of these aircraft · 700 hp
- Lycoming R-1820 series 9 of these aircraft · 1300 hp
- Wright R-1300-1B 7 of these aircraft · 800 hp
Where they are
- California 27 of these aircraft
- Texas 25 of these aircraft
- Florida 13 of these aircraft
- Washington 10 of these aircraft
- Colorado 10 of these aircraft
Biggest operators
- Warbirds 1 LLC 2 of these aircraft
- Trojan Phlyers INC 2 of these aircraft
- International Air Services INC Trustee 2 of these aircraft
- Aircraft Guaranty CORP Trustee 2 of these aircraft
- Zeus Flight LLC 1 of these aircraft
Record
- NTSB accidents and incidents involving the T-28 46 cases since 1982 · 19 fatal
Airworthiness
- Approved modifications for the T-28 6 supplemental type certificates
The whole map of how records connect · these connections as data: /graph/model/north-american/t-28.json.
Aircraft newest certificates first · 206
| Tail no. | Maker and model | Owner and base | Certificate | Registered | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N51705 | North American T-28A |
Dustoff LLC Knoxville, Tennessee |
Experimental | 2026-11-04 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N140AG | North American T-28C |
N3645F LLC Aurora, Colorado |
Experimental | 2026-10-28 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N726A | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Delaware |
None on file | 2026-09-23 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N28AM | North American T-28A |
Individual owner Arizona |
Experimental | 2026-09-16 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N46273 | North American T-28C |
N46273 LLC Alpine, Wyoming |
Experimental | 2026-07-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N9624C | North American T-28A |
Self Aviation LLC Hayden, Idaho |
Experimental | 2026-07-04 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N223E | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Texas |
Experimental | 2026-05-01 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N745W | North American T-28C |
Lund Investments LLC Newport Beach, California |
Experimental | 2026-04-30 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N128KA | North American T-28B |
R&R Exotic Machines LLC Peoria, Arizona |
Experimental | 2026-04-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N5015L | North American T-28A |
Individual owner California |
Experimental | 2026-04-17 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N228JK | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Texas |
Experimental | 2026-04-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N632NA | North American T-28D |
Individual owner Texas |
Experimental | 2026-04-02 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N306WW | North American T-28B |
International Air Services INC Trustee Carson City, Nevada |
Experimental | 2026-03-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N462NA | North American T-28C |
Topaero Aviation Consulting LLC Coronado, California |
Experimental | 2026-03-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N138RR | North American T-28B |
Wpp Nautical LLC Helena, Montana |
Experimental | 2026-02-28 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N91535 | North American T-28A |
Individual owner Ohio |
Restricted | 2026-02-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N728NA | North American T-28A |
International Air Services INC Carson City, Nevada |
Experimental | 2026-02-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N28CQ | North American T-28C |
Plane Crazy Aviation LLC Hickory, North Carolina |
Experimental | 2026-01-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N89AW | North American T-28B |
Euroaviation INC Trustee Kematen, |
Experimental | 2025-10-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N757K | North American T-28C |
Individual owner Arizona |
Experimental | 2025-10-17 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N92TL | North American T-28A |
American Airpower Heritage Flying Museum Dallas, Texas |
Experimental | 2025-10-16 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N699 | North American T-28A |
Vortex Aviation LLC Biloxi, Mississippi |
Experimental | 2025-08-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N82FT | North American T-28A |
Individual owner Kansas |
Experimental | 2025-08-01 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N9025Y | North American T-28C |
AG Air INC Sikeston, Missouri |
Experimental | 2025-06-24 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N328RB | North American T-28B |
Twin Beech LLC Kalispell, Montana |
None on file | 2025-06-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N379DM | North American T-28F |
Individual owner Iowa |
Experimental | 2025-06-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N9039Z | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Texas |
Experimental | 2025-05-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N28100 | North American T-28A |
Vintage Aero INC Brandon, Florida |
Experimental | 2025-03-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N31NA | North American T-28B |
Northern Flight LLC Bismarck, North Dakota |
Experimental | 2025-02-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N14114 | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Massachusetts |
Experimental | 2025-01-19 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N28ZZ | North American T-28C |
Individual owner Oregon |
Experimental | 2025-01-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N8089H | North American T-28A |
Individual owner Michigan |
Experimental | 2024-12-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N128RC | North American T-28A |
5G Wings LLC Montgomery, Texas |
Experimental | 2024-11-06 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N28FU | North American T-28B |
Individual owner California |
Experimental | 2024-10-18 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N83AW | North American T-28B |
Cem Aero LLC Helena, Montana |
Experimental | 2024-09-30 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N280CM | North American T-28B |
Higar Air Service INC Redlands, California |
Experimental | 2024-09-24 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N125DR | North American T-28B |
Aviatte Air LLC Fort Wayne, Indiana |
Experimental | 2024-09-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N302NA | North American T-28A |
Airway Science for Kids INC Portland, Oregon |
Experimental | 2024-08-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N8539A | North American T-28D |
Townsend Aviation INC Chalmers, Indiana |
Experimental | 2024-08-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N300AF | North American T-28A |
Skyvista Aviation LLC Marysville, Ohio |
Experimental | 2024-08-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N28XX | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Florida |
Experimental | 2024-07-17 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N509WT | North American T-28B |
Positive Rate INC Joliet, Illinois |
Experimental | 2024-06-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N99160 | North American T-28D |
Tsi Holdco INC Virginia Beach, Virginia |
Experimental | 2024-05-16 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N4168E | North American T-28C |
Ftc LLC Lewes, Delaware |
Experimental | 2024-05-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N8039S | North American T-28C |
Trojan Phlyers INC Carrollton, Texas |
Experimental | 2024-01-16 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N662WW | North American T-28B |
Sea Horse Sportfishing LLC Clinton, North Carolina |
Experimental | 2024-01-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N649DF | North American T-28C |
Three Generations Holding LLC Augusta, Georgia |
Experimental | 2024-01-10 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N648LW | North American T-28C |
Individual owner Washington |
Experimental | 2023-12-18 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N284MS | North American T-28B |
Four Aces Aviations LLC Greensboro, Georgia |
Experimental | 2023-08-18 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N212DP | North American T-28A |
American Flight Museum INC Topeka, Kansas |
Experimental | 2023-08-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N14144 | North American T-28D |
Cal-Aerofab Flight Academy INC Chino, California |
Experimental | 2023-07-31 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N313WB | North American T-28B |
Qualitair LLC Trustee Michelstadt, |
Experimental | 2023-06-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N1184T | North American T-28C |
Florida Warbirds LLC Cape Coral, Florida |
Experimental | 2023-06-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N28941 | North American T-28C |
Individual owner Massachusetts |
Experimental | 2023-05-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N5251V | North American T-28A |
Powered By Stinky LLC York, Maine |
Experimental | 2023-05-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N91AW | North American T-28B |
Trojan Flight Operations LLC Marion, Indiana |
Experimental | 2023-04-28 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N351CG | North American T-28A |
Individual owner Oklahoma |
Experimental | 2023-04-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N130AS | North American T-28B |
Individual owner California |
None on file | 2023-04-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N752WW | North American T-28B |
Heritage of Eagles Air Museum Firebaugh, California |
Experimental | 2023-03-29 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N5321X | North American T-28C |
L and P Air LLC Lees Summit, Missouri |
Experimental | 2023-03-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N228AF | North American T-28A |
Individual owner North Carolina |
Experimental | 2023-03-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N8046D | North American T-28B |
Rodney William Debaun Family LP Midlothian, Texas |
Experimental | 2023-02-23 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N14142 | North American T-28A |
Co-owned owner Texas |
Experimental | 2023-02-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N678MC | North American T-28C |
David e Glaser LLC Calhan, Colorado |
None on file | 2023-02-17 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N602JM | North American T-28C |
Nighthawk Air Systems INC Palmetto Bay, Florida |
None on file | 2023-01-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N746SH | North American T-28C |
Individual owner Arizona |
Experimental | 2022-12-28 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N243DM | North American T-28C |
N243Dm LLC Midland, Texas |
Experimental | 2022-12-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N500JG | North American T-28A |
Sky West Aviation INC Trustee Albuquerque, New Mexico |
Multiple | 2022-12-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N9102Z | North American T-28A |
Morlock INC Crossville, Tennessee |
Restricted | 2022-10-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N226AH | North American T-28D |
Oklahoma Fat Tire Flyers LLC Owasso, Oklahoma |
Experimental | 2022-09-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2054K | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Texas |
None on file | 2022-09-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N255NA | North American T-28C |
Bobcat Aviation LLC South Hutchinson, Kansas |
Experimental | 2022-08-04 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N367NA | North American T-28A |
Warbirds 1 LLC Chattanooga, Tennessee |
Experimental | 2022-08-01 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N8331R | North American T-28B |
Warbirds 1 LLC Chattanooga, Tennessee |
Experimental | 2022-08-01 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N228JC | North American T-28B |
Wrong Brothers Aviation LLC Webster, Minnesota |
None on file | 2022-07-06 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N221AT | North American T-28A |
Aerion INC Brentwood, Tennessee |
None on file | 2022-05-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N28VV | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Massachusetts |
Experimental | 2022-04-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N81643 | North American T-28A |
Warpiggs LLC Klamath Falls, Oregon |
Experimental | 2022-03-16 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N107NA | North American T-28B |
Individual owner California |
Experimental | 2022-02-16 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N1742R | North American T-28A |
International Air Service INC Trustee Carson City, Nevada |
Experimental | 2022-01-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N192G | North American T-28A |
Individual owner Arizona |
None on file | 2022-01-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N1328B | North American T-28B |
International Air Services INC Trustee Carson City, Nevada |
None on file | 2021-11-23 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N228WW | North American T-28B |
Ascent LLC Lillian, Alabama |
None on file | 2021-11-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N23ES | North American T-28A |
Individual owner Washington |
Experimental | 2021-11-12 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N194RR | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Idaho |
None on file | 2021-10-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N78378 | North American T-28C |
Barton Aviation LLC San Antonio, Texas |
Experimental | 2021-10-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N14103 | North American T-28B |
Co-owned owner Florida |
Experimental | 2021-10-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N242J | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Ohio |
Experimental | 2021-09-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N187GH | North American T-28C |
Lasc Aviation INC Callaway, Florida |
Experimental | 2021-09-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N28XT | North American T-28B |
East Iowa Air INC Bennett, Iowa |
Experimental | 2021-06-17 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N3313G | North American T-28A |
Loubine INC Lewes, Delaware |
Experimental | 2021-06-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2HF | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Illinois |
Experimental | 2021-06-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N228MC | North American T-28B |
Wildcat Fm-2 INC Trustee Wilmington, Delaware |
Experimental | 2021-05-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N328AK | North American T-28C |
Rhk of Kansas INC Wardsville, Missouri |
Experimental | 2021-02-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N88AW | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Colorado |
Experimental | 2021-01-28 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N887N | North American T-28B |
Individual owner Wisconsin |
Experimental | 2021-01-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N31428 | North American T-28C |
Eastern Stearman INC Trustee Leesburg, Virginia |
Experimental | 2020-12-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N232TK | North American T-28C |
Individual owner Indiana |
Experimental | 2020-10-17 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N68803 | North American T-28B |
Quantum Leasing LLC Scottsdale, Arizona |
Experimental | 2020-08-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N128BC | North American T-28A |
N128Bc LLC Conroe, Texas |
Experimental | 2020-08-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |