The U.S. aircraft register, updated daily
Accidents · NTSB WPR22FA309 · Final report

Cessna 152 and Cessna 340A mid-air collision near Watsonville, California, August 18, 2022

On August 18, 2022 at about 9:55 pm local time, 2 aircraft, Cessna 152 (N49931) and Cessna 340A (N740WJ), were involved in a mid-air collision near Watsonville, California (Watsonville Muni airport). 3 people were killed. The weather was visual conditions (good weather).

The NTSB's probable cause their words, unchanged

The failure of the pilot of the multi-engine airplane to see and avoid the single-engine airplane while performing a straight-in approach for landing.
The failure of the pilot of the multi-engine airplane to see and avoid the single-engine airplane while performing a straight-in approach for landing.

Source: NTSB aviation accident database, copy made November 2, 2026. Docket and reports at the NTSB.

What the record shows

Date
August 18, 2022 · about 9:55 pm local time · cases in 2022
Place
Watsonville, California · Watsonville Muni · cases near this airport · map
Type
Accident · mid-air collision
Injuries
3 people were killed.
Weather
visual conditions (good weather)
Aircraft 1
Cessna 152, built 1978 · all 152s on the register
Registration
N49931 · registry record · serial 15281402
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal flight · general aviation rules (Part 91)
Aircraft 2
Cessna 340A, built 1979 · all 340As on the register
Registration
N740WJ · registry record · serial 340A0740
Damage
Destroyed
Flight
Personal flight · general aviation rules (Part 91)

The NTSB's narrative for the Cessna 152 final · quoted from the NTSB record

The pilot of the single-engine airplane was operating in the airport traffic pattern and had been making position reports on the airport’s common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF). The pilot of the multi-engine airplane made an initial radio call on the CTAF 10 miles from the airport, announcing his intention to perform a straight-in approach for landing. Both pilots continued to make appropriate position reports, but did not communicate with each other until the multi-engine airplane was about one mile from the airport and the single-engine airplane had turned onto the base leg of the traffic pattern for landing. Realizing that the multi-engine airplane was converging upon him, the pilot of the single-engine airplane announced a go-around, and the airplanes collided on final approach for the runway about 150 ft above ground level (agl). Examination of the airplanes revealed no evidence of mechanical malfunctions or anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. The multi-engine airplane’s wing flaps and landing gear were both retracted at the accident site, consistent with the pilot’s failure to configure the airplane for landing, and flight track information indicated that the pilot maintained a ground speed of about 180 knots throughout the approach until the collision occurred, which may have reduced the time available for him to see and avoid the single-engine airplane. The toxicology report for the pilot of the single-engine airplane revealed THC, metabolites for THC, metabolites for cocaine, and ketamine; the low amounts of each drug were not considered causal to the accident. The toxicology report for the multi-engine airplane pilot revealed THC, and metabolites of THC; the low amounts of each drug were not considered causal to the accident.

The complete narrative as the NTSB published it. The NTSB's docket holds the report as a PDF and any photographs, statements and other documents from the investigation.

The NTSB's narrative for the Cessna 340A final · quoted from the NTSB record

The pilot of the single-engine airplane was operating in the airport traffic pattern and had been making position reports on the airport’s common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF). The pilot of the multi-engine airplane made an initial radio call on the CTAF 10 miles from the airport, announcing his intention to perform a straight-in approach for landing. Both pilots continued to make appropriate position reports, but did not communicate with each other until the multi-engine airplane was about one mile from the airport and the single-engine airplane had turned onto the base leg of the traffic pattern for landing. Realizing that the multi-engine airplane was converging upon him, the pilot of the single-engine airplane announced a go-around, and the airplanes collided on final approach for the runway about 150 ft above ground level (agl). Examination of the airplanes revealed no evidence of mechanical malfunctions or anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. The multi-engine airplane’s wing flaps and landing gear were both retracted at the accident site, consistent with the pilot’s failure to configure the airplane for landing, and flight track information indicated that the pilot maintained a ground speed of about 180 knots throughout the approach until the collision occurred, which may have reduced the time available for him to see and avoid the single-engine airplane. The toxicology report for the pilot of the single-engine airplane revealed THC, metabolites for THC, metabolites for cocaine, and ketamine; the low amounts of each drug were not considered causal to the accident. The toxicology report for the multi-engine airplane pilot revealed THC, and metabolites of THC; the low amounts of each drug were not considered causal to the accident.

The complete narrative as the NTSB published it. The NTSB's docket holds the report as a PDF and any photographs, statements and other documents from the investigation.

The factual record for the Cessna 152 from the NTSB's investigation tables, in plain English

What happened, in order

  1. Midair collision during approach (VFR pattern final) defining event

The NTSB's findings

  • Not determined › Not determined › (general) › (general) › Unknown/Not determined

Pilot

  • Certificate: private
  • Ratings: single-engine land
  • Flight time: 111 hours in all; 77 in this make and model; 47.4 as pilot in command
  • Last flight review: August 14, 2022
  • Medical certificate: Class 2
  • Seat: left
  • Injury: fatal

The aircraft

  • Maximum gross weight: 1,675 lb
  • Seats: 2
  • Landing gear: fixed
  • Engine: Lycoming 0-235 SERIES (piston); 5,063 hours total
  • Operator: United Flight Services

The flight

  • Flight plan: none
  • Runway 20, 4,501 ft by 149 ft

Weather at the time

  • Light: daylight
  • Wind: from 210° at 9 knots
  • Visibility: 10 statute miles
  • Sky: clear
  • Temperature: 70°F (21°C), dew point 55°F (13°C)
  • Altimeter: 29.96 inHg
  • Observation at 2:53 pm from KWVI

Weather report (METAR): KWVI 182153Z AUTO 21009KT 10SM CLR 21/13 A2996 RMK AO2 SLP144 T02110133

Injuries

FatalSeriousMinorNone
Flight crew1

The factual record for the Cessna 340A from the NTSB's investigation tables, in plain English

What happened, in order

  1. Midair collision during approach defining event

The NTSB's findings

  • Personnel issues › Action/decision › Action › Lack of action › Pilot
  • Personnel issues › Task performance › Use of equip/info › Aircraft control › Pilot
  • Personnel issues › Psychological › Attention/monitoring › Monitoring other aircraft › Pilot

Pilot

  • Certificate: private
  • Ratings: multi-engine land; single-engine land
  • Flight time: 1,200 hours in all; 744.9 in this make and model
  • Medical certificate: Class 3 (with waivers/limitations)
  • Seat: left
  • Injury: fatal

Passenger

  • Seat: rgt
  • Injury: fatal

The aircraft

  • Seats: 6
  • Landing gear: retractable
  • Engine 1: Cont Motor TSIO-520-NB (piston); 0 hours total
  • Engine 2: Cont Motor TSIO-520-NB (piston); 0 hours total
  • Fire on the ground
  • Operator: Alm Holding LLC

The flight

  • Departed from: O15 Turlock CA at 9:32 pm
  • Destination: WVI Watsonville CA
  • Flight plan: none

Injuries

FatalSeriousMinorNone
Flight crew1
Passengers1

Photographs from the investigation 20 pictures from the NTSB's docket, as the NTSB released them

The NTSB's photographs with the NTSB's captions, at screen size. Open a picture to see it full size or to report one that should not be shown.

Documents from the investigation the NTSB's docket: the evidence folder behind the report

23 documents, released by the NTSB on March 28, 2024. View them here, or download them; the NTSB redacts some personal details before release, and this site shows the NTSB's own titles rather than its file names.

#DocumentWhat it is
1 Pilot/operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 N49931 PDF, 8 pages · our copy View Download
2 Witness Statements PDF, 14 pages · our copy View Download
3 Interviews PDF, 2 pages · our copy View Download
4 Video File 1 video · our copy View Download
5 Video File 2 ASF file · our copy Download
6 Video File 3 video · our copy View Download
7 Video File 4 video · our copy View Download
8 Video File 5 ASF file · our copy Download
9 Recording of Norcal Approach audio · our copy View Download
10 Air Traffic Control Ctaf at Wvi audio · our copy View Download
11 ADS-B N740WJ map file · our copy Download
12 ADS-B Excel Spreadsheet N740WJ data file · our copy Download
13 ADS-B N49931 map file · our copy Download
14 ADS-B Excel Spreadsheet N49931 data file · our copy Download
15 Toxicology Report 340 Pilot PDF, 2 pages · our copy View Download
16 Toxicology Report 152 Pilot PDF, 2 pages · our copy View Download
17 FAA Flight Following for N740WJ PDF, 1 page · our copy View Download
18 Photos PDF, 20 pages · our copy View Download
19 Party Member Certificates PDF, 2 pages · our copy View Download
20 Airframe and Engine Examination Report PDF, 33 pages · our copy View Download
21 Medical Factual PDF, 6 pages · our copy View Download
22 Memo for Record Autopsy PDF, 1 page · our copy View Download
23 Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 PDF, 2 pages · our copy View Download

The same docket at the NTSB.

Connections how this case links to the rest of the register

Aircraft
Place

The whole map of how records connect · these connections as data: /graph/accident/WPR22FA309.json.

The bigger picture in Aviation Analytics: accidents over time since 1982, by model, by phase of flight and conditions, by place and on the map.

Everything on this page comes from the NTSB's public records. The narrative, probable cause and findings are the NTSB's own words; the coded tables behind the report are written out in plain English, with pilots' ages, home towns and medical details left out. The documents and photographs are the NTSB's docket, shown as the NTSB released them. This site's own text does not name anyone involved, its policy at this time. A preliminary report can change; the final report usually follows one to two years later, and the page is refreshed when it does.