Amateur-built R172 accident near Victor, Colorado, May 6, 2023

The NTSB's narrative final · quoted from the NTSB record

After takeoff, the flight proceeded toward the intended destination airport. Position data initially depicted the airplane about 0.75 miles from the departure airport at 6,000 ft mean sea level. The final data point was recorded about 10 minutes later when the airplane was about 15 miles from the departure airport at an altitude of 9,400 ft msl. This was about 0.20 miles from the accident site. The pilot’s family informed local authorities that the flight was overdue, and the accident site was located the following morning. The accident site was in mountainous terrain an elevation of about 9,170 ft. Terrain in the immediate vicinity of the accident site rose to nearly 9,300 ft. The airplane came to rest inverted after impacting trees and terrain. A postimpact fire consumed most of the fuselage. Postaccident examinations did not reveal any anomalies attributable to a preimpact failure or malfunction. The accident flight likely encountered moderate mountain wave turbulence with downdrafts as strong as 500 ft per minute (fpm) and updrafts as strong as 1,000 fpm at the time of the accident. The weather conditions encountered were consistent with the National Weather Service G-AIRMET forecast. It is unknown what weather information the pilot received before or during the flight. The expected climb performance at maximum gross weight and a pressure altitude of 10,000 ft was 450 fpm. This was about one-half of the expected climb rate at sea level. The estimated density altitude at the accident site was about 11,300 ft. Advisory information regarding mountain flying provided by the Federal Aviation Administration suggested maintaining at least 1,000 ft terrain clearance when navigating a mountain pass or crossing a ridge line. However, if the wind is above 20 knots, the suggested terrain clearance increased to 2,000 ft to avoid most of the turbulence and downdrafts. As the airplane approached a mountain ridge line with about 100 ft altitude clearance, the pilot likely encountered previously forecasted moderate turbulence that exceeded the airplane’s climb capability at the elevated density altitude, resulting in an impact with trees and terrain.

The complete narrative as the NTSB published it. The NTSB's docket holds the report as a PDF and any photographs, statements and other documents from the investigation.