The U.S. aircraft register, updated daily
Plan a flight · Mon 12:14 am CDT (05:14 UTC)

Joe Foss Field to Sacramento International FSD → SMF

1,156 nautical miles (1,331 statute miles) west on a straight line, true course 264°, about 259° magnetic at the departure end (variation 5E). At 120 knots that is 10 h 03 min at the quickest height in today's winds (4,500 ft, a 5-knot headwind), arriving about 8:17 am PDT (15:17 UTC). Right now FSD is VFR, wind from the northwest (310°) at 6 knots; SMF is VFR, wind from the south (190°) at 7 knots. For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 2 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.

The return flight

The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words

Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of

  • SIGMET 8C: thunderstorms (a convective SIGMET) up to 32,000 ft, moving from the southwest at 40 knots, until 1:55 am CDT (06:55 UTC). Over the route from 339 to 339 nm out.
    as issued
    WSUS32 KKCI 120455
    MKCC WST 120455
    CONVECTIVE SIGMET 8C
    VALID UNTIL 0655Z
    NE SD WY
    FROM 50WNW RAP-20SSW RAP-60NW BFF-40ENE DDY-50WNW RAP
    DMSHG AREA TS MOV FROM 22040KT. TOPS TO FL320.
  • SIGMET W14W: thunderstorms (a convective SIGMET) up to 28,000 ft, moving from the southwest at 20 knots, until 1:55 am CDT (06:55 UTC). Over the route from 818 to 927 nm out.
    as issued
    WSUS33 KKCI 120455
    MKCW WST 120455
    CONVECTIVE SIGMET 14W
    VALID UNTIL 0655Z
    NV
    FROM 40NW BVL-20WNW ELY-20SSE OAL-40WNW OAL-50NE BAM-40NW BVL
    AREA TS MOV FROM 24020KT. TOPS TO FL280.
  • AIRMET SIERRA 4E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist). Over the route from 140 to 299 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 3W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground). Near the route, 179 nm along the route.
  • AIRMET TANGO 4W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 18,000 ft to 38,000 ft. Over the route from 279 to 628 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 4W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft up to 18,000 ft. Over the route from 329 to 588 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 1W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground). Over the route from 349 to 528 nm out.
  • AIRMET ZULU 2C: moderate icing up to 23,000 ft. Over the route from 419 to 947 nm out.
  • AIRMET SIERRA 1E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist). Over the route from 449 to 917 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 5W: strong surface winds (30 knots or more) (due to sustained surface winds greater than 30 knots). Over the route from 459 to 538 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 1W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 18,000 ft to 39,000 ft. Over the last 100 nm of the route.

A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from FSD.

Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first

No pilot reports within 50 nautical miles of the line in the last three hours.

Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 02:00–09:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed

The westbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: even thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 12 forecast points nearest it (FSD, ONL, PIR, RAP, BFF, LND, RKS, SLC, ELY, BAM, RNO, SAC). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.

HeightAverage windHead- or tailwindTemperatureGround speedTime en routeArrival
4,500 ft190° at 14 kt+5 kt17 °C115 kt10 h 03 min8:17 am PDT (15:17 UTC)
6,500 ft200° at 14 kt+7 kt14 °C113 kt10 h 14 min8:28 am PDT (15:28 UTC)
8,500 ft210° at 19 kt+13 kt7 °C107 kt10 h 48 min9:02 am PDT (16:02 UTC)
10,500 ft220° at 22 kt+17 kt3 °C103 kt11 h 13 min9:27 am PDT (16:27 UTC)
12,500 ft220° at 25 kt+21 kt-1 °C99 kt11 h 41 min9:55 am PDT (16:55 UTC)
14,500 ft220° at 27 kt+22 kt-5 °C98 kt11 h 48 min10:02 am PDT (17:02 UTC)
16,500 ft220° at 29 kt+23 kt-9 °C97 kt11 h 55 min10:09 am PDT (17:09 UTC)
18,000 ft FL180220° at 30 kt+24 kt-12 °C96 kt12 h 02 min10:16 am PDT (17:16 UTC)
24,000 ft FL240220° at 35 kt+28 kt-23 °C92 kt12 h 34 min10:48 am PDT (17:48 UTC)
30,000 ft FL300220° at 46 kt+39 kt-31 °C81 kt14 h 16 min12:30 pm PDT (19:30 UTC)
34,000 ft FL340230° at 52 kt+49 kt-36 °C71 kt16 h 17 min2:31 pm PDT (21:31 UTC)
39,000 ft FL390240° at 53 kt+51 kt-44 °C69 kt16 h 45 min2:59 pm PDT (21:59 UTC)

Based on data from the 12th at 00:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 06:00 UTC for use 02:00 to 09:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.

The forecast points as issued
PointFrom3,0006,0009,00012,00018,00024,00030,00034,00039,000
FSDused from 0 nm out; 25 nm from the line190/9230/30 18°240/23 13°240/20 6°260/22 -9°250/31 -21°250/43 -36°260/49 -43°270/53 -47°
ONLused from 50 nm out; 59 nm from the line210/31 20°230/27 13°230/18 7°220/19 -8°240/26 -20°250/44 -35°270/52 -39°260/57 -47°
PIRused from 150 nm out; 73 nm from the line170/22 19°190/25 13°210/32 6°240/23 -9°250/32 -21°250/38 -36°260/44 -40°260/52 -47°
RAPused from 199 nm out; 79 nm from the line180/23 12°200/38 13°210/38 6°220/28 -10°230/34 -21°230/37 -36°250/52 -38°250/59 -46°
BFFused from 299 nm out; 57 nm from the line180/28220/33 15°210/31 7°230/32 -9°220/41 -21°220/40 -33°240/47 -36°250/54 -46°
LNDused from 399 nm out; 111 nm from the line200/23 6°220/31 1°220/39 -11°230/39 -23°220/51 -28°220/66 -37°230/68 -45°
RKSused from 498 nm out; 38 nm from the line200/41220/44 1°220/35 -11°220/46 -24°210/53 -27°220/62 -35°230/61 -44°
SLCused from 648 nm out; 39 nm from the line200/5230/8 2°220/20 -2°210/40 -12°190/53 -25°210/62 -30°220/69 -34°220/64 -43°
ELYused from 798 nm out; 81 nm from the line200/39 3°210/27 -2°210/45 -15°220/56 -24°210/60 -28°210/63 -34°220/61 -43°
BAMused from 847 nm out; 48 nm from the line310/7 0°270/19 -7°200/38 -17°190/49 -28°220/69 -29°220/63 -33°230/48 -41°
RNOused from 997 nm out; 40 nm from the line010/9320/10 -2°210/23 -9°210/34 -19°220/36 -25°230/31 -29°230/41 -33°230/38 -42°
SACused from 1097 nm out; 37 nm from the line110/6L/V 4°010/11 -2°350/11 -7°340/24 -16°360/44 -23°330/24 -30°270/21 -35°230/23 -43°

The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch

AirportWhereConditionsWindVisibilityCeilingElevationReported
FSD Sioux Falls, SD departure VFR from the northwest (310°) at 6 knots 10+ mi none 1,430 ft 11:56 pm CDT (04:56 UTC)
MHE Mitchell, SD 50 nm out, 19 nm north of the line VFR from the north-northwest (330°) at 7 knots 10+ mi none 1,304 ft 04:53 UTC
SUO Rosebud, SD 179 nm out, 5 nm northwest of the line low IFR Sky: overcast at 300 feet Weather: mist from the northeast (050°) at 9 knots 5 mi 300 ft 2,724 ft 04:55 UTC
LSK Lusk, WY 339 nm out, 2 nm north of the line no report just now 4,966 ft
GUR Guernsey, WY 359 nm out, 24 nm south of the line, tower VFR Sky: a broken layer at 11,000 feet from the north-northeast (030°) at 4 knots 10+ mi 11,000 ft 4,401 ft 04:55 UTC
RKS Rock Springs, WY 558 nm out, 19 nm south of the line marginal VFR Sky: a few clouds at 1,800 feet, a broken layer at 2,600 feet, overcast at 3,000 feet from the southwest (230°) at 9 knots 10+ mi 2,600 ft 6,764 ft 04:54 UTC
OGD Ogden, UT 688 nm out, 7 nm south of the line, tower VFR Sky: scattered clouds at 3,600 feet, a broken layer at 5,500 feet from the south-southeast (160°) at 4 knots 10+ mi 5,500 ft 4,472 ft 04:53 UTC
ENV Wendover, UT 788 nm out, 7 nm southeast of the line VFR Sky: overcast at 3,400 feet calm 10+ mi 3,400 ft 4,236 ft 04:56 UTC
EKO Elko, NV 857 nm out, 25 nm northwest of the line VFR Sky: a broken layer at 3,800 feet, overcast at 4,500 feet Weather: light rain from the east-southeast (110°) at 3 knots 10+ mi 3,800 ft 5,139 ft 04:56 UTC
SPZ Silver Springs, NV 1037 nm out, 3 nm southwest of the line no report just now 4,265 ft
TRK Truckee, CA 1077 nm out, 10 nm northwest of the line, tower VFR from the southwest (230°) at 9 knots 10+ mi none 5,904 ft 04:55 UTC
SMF Sacramento, CA destination VFR from the south (190°) at 7 knots 10+ mi none 26 ft 9:53 pm PDT (04:53 UTC)

The highest airport on this list sits at 6,764 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.

At SMF when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 8:17 am PDT (15:17 UTC)

Wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet VFR

The whole forecast for SMF
  • From Sun 5:00 pm PDT (00:00 UTC): wind from the south-southwest at 7 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
  • From Sun 11:00 pm PDT (06:00 UTC): wind from the south-southeast at 7 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
  • From Mon 5:00 am PDT (12:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
The forecast for FSD, the departure
  • From Sun 7:00 pm CDT (00:00 UTC): wind from the west at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a broken layer at 25,000 feet
  • From Sun 9:00 pm CDT (02:00 UTC): wind from the west-northwest at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a broken layer at 25,000 feet
  • From Sun 11:00 pm CDT (04:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 25,000 feet
  • From Mon 8:00 am CDT (13:00 UTC): wind from the northeast at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 700 feet
  • From Mon 2:00 pm CDT (19:00 UTC): wind from the west-southwest at 8 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
  • From Mon 4:00 pm CDT (21:00 UTC): wind from the west at 11 knots, gusting to 17, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet

Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it

  • 6/3475 BEALE AFB, CA, Sunday, March 8, 2026 through Sunday, November 1, 2026 Local 12 nm from the route, at the destination end · security · until 1 November · ZOA

Daylight

Sunset at FSD 6:49 pm CDT (23:49 UTC), at SMF 6:32 pm PDT (01:32 UTC) (civil twilight ends 6:59 pm PDT (01:59 UTC)).

Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.

Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads

Radar now, the northern Rockies
Radar now, the northern Rockies · loop National Weather Service
Radar now, the southern Rockies
Radar now, the southern Rockies · loop National Weather Service
Radar now, the Pacific Southwest
Radar now, the Pacific Southwest · loop National Weather Service
Radar, the whole country
Radar, the whole country · loop National Weather Service
Surface analysis now
Surface analysis now Weather Prediction Center
Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead
Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center
Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead
Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Joe Foss Field, Sacramento International.