The U.S. aircraft register, updated daily
Plan a flight · Sun 9:45 pm EDT (01:45 UTC)

Laurence G Hanscom Field to Sacramento International BED → SMF

2,271 nautical miles (2,614 statute miles) west on a straight line, true course 282°, about 298° magnetic at the departure end (variation 16W). At 120 knots that is 19 h 35 min at the quickest height in today's winds (4,500 ft, a 4-knot headwind), arriving about 2:20 pm PDT (21:20 UTC). For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 1 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.

The return flight

The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words

Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of

  • SIGMET 3W: thunderstorms (a convective SIGMET) up to 31,000 ft, moving from the southwest at 40 knots, until 10:55 pm EDT (02:55 UTC). Over the route from 1494 to 1584 nm out.
    as issued
    WSUS33 KKCI 120055
    MKCW WST 120055
    CONVECTIVE SIGMET 3W
    VALID UNTIL 0255Z
    MT WY
    FROM 10WSW MLS-70E DDY-20N LAR-50E BPI-30NE BIL-10WSW MLS
    AREA TS MOV FROM 22040KT. TOPS TO FL310.
  • SIGMET 5W: thunderstorms (a convective SIGMET) up to 33,000 ft, moving from the southwest at 20 knots, until 10:55 pm EDT (02:55 UTC). Over the route from 1962 to 2052 nm out.
    as issued
    WSUS33 KKCI 120055
    MKCW WST 120055
    CONVECTIVE SIGMET 5W
    VALID UNTIL 0255Z
    NV
    FROM 10NNE BAM-40WSW BVL-60SW ELY-10SE OAL-30WNW OAL-10NNE BAM
    AREA TS MOV FROM 23020KT. TOPS TO FL330.
  • AIRMET SIERRA 3E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist). Over the first 249 nm of the route.
  • AIRMET ZULU 1C: moderate icing up to 22,000 ft. Over the first 229 nm of the route.
  • AIRMET TANGO 3W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 21,000 ft to 33,000 ft. Over the first 339 nm of the route.
  • AIRMET TANGO 2W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft up to 13,000 ft. Over the first 199 nm of the route.
  • AIRMET SIERRA 4E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist). Over the route from 60 to 219 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 3W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground). Over the route from 936 to 1006 nm out.
  • AIRMET SIERRA 4E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist). Near the route, 1335 nm along the route.
  • AIRMET TANGO 4W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 18,000 ft to 36,000 ft. Over the route from 1375 to 2112 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 4W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft up to 18,000 ft. Over the route from 1454 to 1813 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 1W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground). Over the route from 1504 to 1733 nm out.
  • AIRMET ZULU 3C: moderate icing up to 22,000 ft. Over the route from 1594 to 2132 nm out.
  • AIRMET SIERRA 1E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist). Over the route from 1594 to 2042 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 5W: strong surface winds (30 knots or more) (due to sustained surface winds greater than 30 knots). Over the route from 1614 to 1674 nm out.
  • AIRMET SIERRA 2E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist). Near the route, 1813 nm along the route.
  • AIRMET TANGO 1W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 18,000 ft to 39,000 ft. Over the last 30 nm of the route.

A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from BED.

Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first

Not fetched just now.

Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 20:00–03:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed

The westbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: even thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 22 forecast points nearest it (BOS, ALB, SYR, BUF, CLE, TVC, MKG, GRB, LSE, MCW, FSD, ONL, PIR, RAP, BFF, LND, RKS, SLC, ELY, BAM, RNO, SAC). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.

HeightAverage windHead- or tailwindTemperatureGround speedTime en routeArrival
4,500 ft210° at 10 kt+4 kt16 °C116 kt19 h 35 min2:20 pm PDT (21:20 UTC)
6,500 ft230° at 10 kt+8 kt13 °C112 kt20 h 17 min3:02 pm PDT (22:02 UTC)
8,500 ft220° at 15 kt+12 kt9 °C108 kt21 h 02 min3:47 pm PDT (22:47 UTC)
10,500 ft230° at 18 kt+15 kt5 °C105 kt21 h 38 min4:23 pm PDT (23:23 UTC)
12,500 ft230° at 21 kt+18 kt1 °C102 kt22 h 16 min5:01 pm PDT (00:01 UTC)
14,500 ft230° at 23 kt+21 kt-3 °C99 kt22 h 56 min5:41 pm PDT (00:41 UTC)
16,500 ft230° at 25 kt+23 kt-7 °C97 kt23 h 25 min6:10 pm PDT (01:10 UTC)
18,000 ft FL180230° at 26 kt+25 kt-11 °C95 kt23 h 54 min6:39 pm PDT (01:39 UTC)
24,000 ft FL240240° at 32 kt+30 kt-22 °C90 kt25 h 14 min7:59 pm PDT (02:59 UTC)
30,000 ft FL300240° at 42 kt+40 kt-34 °C80 kt28 h 23 min11:08 pm PDT (06:08 UTC)
34,000 ft FL340250° at 52 kt+50 kt-41 °C70 kt32 h 27 min3:12 am PDT (10:12 UTC)
39,000 ft FL390250° at 59 kt+58 kt-49 °C62 kt36 h 38 min7:23 am PDT (14:23 UTC)

Based on data from the 11th at 18:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 00:00 UTC for use 20:00 to 03:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.

The forecast points as issued
PointFrom3,0006,0009,00012,00018,00024,00030,00034,00039,000
BOSused from 0 nm out; 39 nm from the line160/27190/23 9°260/20 7°260/32 1°250/48 -7°240/56 -17°240/59 -33°250/75 -43°250/94 -55°
ALBused from 50 nm out; 38 nm from the line160/27190/16 9°200/29 7°230/21 3°240/24 -9°240/43 -19°230/65 -33°240/91 -42°230/99 -53°
SYRused from 149 nm out; 41 nm from the line160/17200/22 10°250/10 6°L/V 1°270/11 -11°220/25 -20°220/66 -36°230/89 -42°240/74 -51°
BUFused from 299 nm out; 25 nm from the line170/19L/V 10°040/9 6°220/8 2°230/15 -11°220/33 -22°220/47 -35°230/55 -41°230/56 -50°
CLEused from 448 nm out; 130 nm from the line340/5320/13 14°300/12 8°310/10 2°310/14 -10°340/14 -23°320/27 -35°260/28 -40°250/36 -48°
TVCused from 498 nm out; 125 nm from the line210/17290/14 15°310/20 9°310/18 2°310/24 -11°320/35 -22°320/53 -39°310/45 -49°290/58 -51°
MKGused from 598 nm out; 49 nm from the line250/5320/10 15°310/19 9°320/21 3°310/23 -10°330/37 -22°330/51 -38°320/44 -47°300/60 -49°
GRBused from 697 nm out; 48 nm from the line240/24260/18 16°270/20 11°290/14 4°280/24 -9°300/34 -21°310/51 -38°310/54 -48°300/71 -51°
LSEused from 797 nm out; 55 nm from the line220/33250/29 17°250/15 9°260/12 6°280/21 -9°280/33 -20°300/43 -36°310/56 -45°300/79 -53°
MCWused from 946 nm out; 30 nm from the line200/35240/33 18°250/20 10°260/10 6°270/18 -8°260/28 -19°280/30 -34°290/49 -43°280/70 -54°
FSDused from 1046 nm out; 45 nm from the line200/16220/20 17°240/26 13°230/19 6°240/25 -9°240/28 -20°250/39 -33°250/44 -43°260/63 -52°
ONLused from 1195 nm out; 51 nm from the line200/20 17°230/26 14°240/21 7°250/27 -9°260/32 -19°240/44 -34°240/56 -41°250/62 -51°
PIRused from 1245 nm out; 75 nm from the lineL/V 17°230/13 12°220/22 6°250/31 -9°250/34 -21°240/50 -35°230/61 -43°240/62 -51°
RAPused from 1345 nm out; 74 nm from the line120/15 12°180/22 11°220/26 5°230/35 -9°240/40 -22°240/50 -37°240/51 -41°240/47 -47°
BFFused from 1395 nm out; 52 nm from the line120/24180/31 13°210/26 7°230/25 -7°240/41 -20°230/52 -36°250/56 -41°260/57 -45°
LNDused from 1544 nm out; 88 nm from the line180/33 10°190/50 3°210/59 -9°200/50 -21°190/41 -34°230/55 -39°240/65 -47°
RKSused from 1594 nm out; 55 nm from the line190/43210/65 3°210/57 -9°210/56 -21°210/47 -33°230/63 -37°240/77 -46°
SLCused from 1743 nm out; 51 nm from the line280/8210/39 5°210/52 -1°200/50 -11°200/56 -23°220/61 -28°230/73 -37°230/73 -45°
ELYused from 1893 nm out; 87 nm from the line210/20 4°240/21 -1°230/37 -13°200/58 -25°220/73 -27°220/73 -36°220/69 -44°
BAMused from 1942 nm out; 66 nm from the line270/8 4°230/27 -4°220/49 -18°210/52 -26°220/77 -29°220/71 -33°220/63 -43°
RNOused from 2092 nm out; 59 nm from the line320/7260/13 1°230/21 -7°210/38 -17°220/43 -26°230/54 -29°230/59 -32°230/54 -41°
SACused from 2241 nm out; 19 nm from the line270/5L/V 5°L/V -1°240/11 -5°250/22 -15°270/25 -24°260/31 -27°240/39 -33°240/39 -42°

The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch

AirportWhereConditionsWindVisibilityCeilingElevationReported
BED Bedford, MA departure no report just now 132 ft
SCH Schenectady, NY 120 nm out, 1 nm northeast of the line, tower no report just now 377 ft
ROC Rochester, NY 279 nm out, 10 nm southwest of the line, tower no report just now 558 ft
MBS Saginaw, MI 568 nm out, 9 nm south of the line, tower no report just now 668 ft
LSE La Crosse, WI 877 nm out, 9 nm north of the line, tower no report just now 655 ft
FSD Sioux Falls, SD 1116 nm out, 8 nm north of the line, tower no report just now 1,430 ft
GRN Gordon, NE 1355 nm out, 7 nm south of the line no report just now 3,562 ft
GUR Guernsey, WY 1474 nm out, 19 nm south of the line, tower no report just now 4,401 ft
OGD Ogden, UT 1803 nm out, 4 nm south of the line, tower no report just now 4,472 ft
ENV Wendover, UT 1903 nm out, 5 nm southeast of the line no report just now 4,236 ft
TRK Truckee, CA 2192 nm out, 10 nm northwest of the line, tower no report just now 5,904 ft
SMF Sacramento, CA destination no report just now 26 ft

The highest airport on this list sits at 5,904 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.

At SMF when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 2:20 pm PDT (21:20 UTC)

SMF has no terminal forecast; use the nearest airport that does.

Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it

  • 6/8802 Foxborough, MA, Saturday, October 17, 2026 through Sunday, October 18, 2026 UTC 22 nm from the route, at the departure end · drones kept away from a public gathering · starts Saturday 17 October · ZBW
  • 6/3475 BEALE AFB, CA, Sunday, March 8, 2026 through Sunday, November 1, 2026 Local 12 nm from the route, at the destination end · security · until 1 November · ZOA
  • 6/6740 SACRAMENTO, CA, Thursday, October 8, 2026 through Sunday, October 11, 2026 Local 6 nm from the route, at the destination end · air shows/sports · ended 11 October · ZOA

Daylight

Sunset at BED 6:08 pm EDT (22:08 UTC), at SMF 6:32 pm PDT (01:32 UTC) (civil twilight ends 6:59 pm PDT (01:59 UTC)).

Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.

Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads

Radar now, the Northeast
Radar now, the Northeast · loop National Weather Service
Radar now, the central Great Lakes
Radar now, the central Great Lakes · loop National Weather Service
Radar now, the upper Mississippi valley
Radar now, the upper Mississippi valley · loop National Weather Service
Radar, the whole country
Radar, the whole country · loop National Weather Service
Surface analysis now
Surface analysis now Weather Prediction Center
Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead
Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center
Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead
Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Laurence G Hanscom Field, Sacramento International.