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Accidents · NTSB ERA13FA062 · Final report

Cessna 172K accident near Savannah, Georgia, November 18, 2012

On November 18, 2012 at about 11:55 pm local time, a Cessna 172K, registered N78304, was substantially damaged in an accident during approach (IFR final approach) near Savannah, Georgia (Savannah/Hhi International airport). It was a personal flight under general aviation rules (Part 91). 1 person was killed. The weather was instrument conditions (cloud, fog or low visibility).

The NTSB's probable cause their words, unchanged

The pilot's failure to maintain airplane control while operating in night, instrument meteorological conditions, due to spatial disorientation.

Source: NTSB aviation accident database, copy made October 5, 2026. Docket and reports at the NTSB.

What the record shows

Date
November 18, 2012 · about 11:55 pm local time
Place
Savannah, Georgia · Savannah/Hhi International · map
Type
Accident
Injuries
1 person was killed.
Weather
instrument conditions (cloud, fog or low visibility)
Aircraft
Cessna 172K · all 172Ks on the register
Registration
N78304 · no longer on the register · serial 17257561
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal flight · general aviation rules (Part 91)

The NTSB's narrative final · quoted from the NTSB record

The pilot was attempting an instrument landing system approach to a northbound runway in night, instrument meteorological conditions. The air traffic controller issued a series of radar vectors to the pilot to guide him to the localizer course. However, after the controller cleared the pilot to intercept the localizer, the airplane instead continued across the localizer course. The pilot initiated a 270-degree turn to the south, crossed the localizer course, and then turned back toward the localizer course again. The controller observed that the airplane was in a descent and queried the pilot on his altitude. The pilot replied that he was "…trying to recover." Radio and radar contact were then lost and search and rescue operations were initiated. The airplane was located in a salt marsh south of the destination airport and appeared to have been in a right, descending spiral when it impacted the marshy terrain. The wreckage was extremely fragmented. An examination of the wreckage revealed no evidence of a preimpact mechanical anomaly or failure that would have precluded normal operation. Propeller signatures indicated high engine power at impact. The pilot received his instrument rating about 6 months before the accident, at which time he reported about 189 hours of total flight time, including about 43 hours of instrument and 21 hours of night pilot-in-command flight time. Based on the night, instrument meteorological conditions, the pilot's actions and responses during the flight, and examination of the wreckage, it is likely that the pilot experienced spatial disorientation and lost control of the airplane.

The complete narrative as the NTSB published it. The NTSB's docket holds the report as a PDF and any photographs, statements and other documents from the investigation.

The factual record from the NTSB's investigation tables, in plain English

What happened, in order

  1. Loss of control in flight during approach (IFR final approach) defining event
  2. Collision with terrain or object (not controlled flight into terrain) during uncontrolled descent

The NTSB's findings

  • cause Personnel issues › Psychological › Perception/orientation/illusio › Spatial disorientation › Pilot
  • cause Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability › Performance/control parameters › Altitude › Not attained/maintained
  • cause Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability › Performance/control parameters › Heading/course › Not attained/maintained
  • Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena › Ceiling/visibility/precip › Clouds › Contributed to outcome
  • Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena › Light condition › Dark › Contributed to outcome

Pilot

  • Certificate: private
  • Ratings: single-engine land; instrument: airplane
  • Flight time: 234 hours in all; 229 in this make and model
  • Last flight review: May 27, 2012
  • Medical certificate: Class 3 (with waivers/limitations)
  • Seat: unk
  • Injury: fatal

The aircraft

  • Airframe total time: 8,340 hours
  • Last inspection: annual inspection, June 29, 2012
  • Maximum gross weight: 2,300 lb
  • Seats: 4
  • Landing gear: fixed
  • Engine: Lycoming O-320 SERIES (piston); 0 hours total

The flight

  • Departed from: 2A5 Liberty NC at 9:42 pm
  • Destination: SAV Savannah GA
  • Flight plan: IFR
  • Runway 01, 7,002 ft by 150 ft

Weather at the time

  • Light: night
  • Wind: from 350° at 11 knots
  • Visibility: 3 statute miles
  • Sky: broken clouds at 1,300 ft; scat
  • Temperature: 54°F (12°C), dew point 52°F (11°C)
  • Altimeter: 30.23 inHg
  • Observation at 11:53 pm from SAV, 12 miles away

Injuries

FatalSeriousMinorNone
Flight crew1

Documents from the investigation the NTSB's docket: the evidence folder behind the report

The docket, the folder of records gathered during an investigation (maintenance records, photographs, witness statements, examinations), has not been read from the NTSB for this case yet; the list appears here once it has. Open the docket at the NTSB.

Everything on this page comes from the NTSB's public records. The narrative, probable cause and findings are the NTSB's own words; the coded tables behind the report are written out in plain English, with pilots' ages, home towns and medical details left out. The documents and photographs are the NTSB's docket, shown as the NTSB released them. This site's own text never names anyone involved. A preliminary report can change; the final report usually follows one to two years later, and the page is refreshed when it does.