Plan a flight · Tue 5:38 am CDT (10:38 UTC)

Dane County Rgnl/Truax Field to San Francisco International MSN → SFO

1,536 nautical miles (1,768 statute miles) west on a straight line, true course 269°, about 272° magnetic at the departure end (variation 3W). At 120 knots that is 13 h 01 min at the quickest height in today's winds (4,500 ft, a 2-knot headwind), arriving about 4:39 pm PDT (23:39 UTC). Right now MSN is VFR, wind variable at 5 knots; SFO is VFR, wind from the northwest (310°) at 5 knots. For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 3 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.

The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words

Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of

AIRMET TANGO 1W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 24,000 ft to 36,000 ft, from 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 499 to 988 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 9E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist), from 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 509 to 718 nm out.
AIRMET ZULU 1C: moderate icing up to 22,000 ft, from 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 698 to 1207 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 1E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist), from 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 708 to 1277 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 2E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist), from 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC). Near the route, 778 nm along the route.
AIRMET TANGO 2W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft (due to mountain wave) up to 22,000 ft, from 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 818 to 998 nm out.
AIRMET TANGO 1W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 18,000 ft to 39,000 ft, from 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 998 to 1437 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 11E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist), from 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC). Near the route, 1157 nm along the route.
AIRMET ZULU 1C: moderate icing from 7,000 ft to 16,000 ft, from 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC). Near the route, 1197 nm along the route.
AIRMET TANGO 1W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft from 14,000 ft to 18,000 ft, from 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 1287 to 1427 nm out.

Turbulence AIRMET in force: moderate turbulence from 24,000 ft to 36,000 ft, over the route from 499 to 988 nm out; AIRMET in force: moderate turbulence (due to mountain wave) up to 22,000 ft, over the route from 818 to 998 nm out. No pilot has reported turbulence near the line in the last three hours. The government's turbulence forecast map ↗

Icing AIRMET in force: moderate icing up to 22,000 ft, over the route from 698 to 1207 nm out; AIRMET in force: moderate icing from 7,000 ft to 16,000 ft, near the route, 1197 nm along the route. A pilot reported no icing, at 4,800 ft, 44 nm north, 5:00 am CDT (10:00 UTC). The freezing level is about 11,500 ft (from the winds-aloft temperatures), so icing is possible in cloud above that. The government's icing forecast map ↗

A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from MSN.

Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first

BE20 at 4,800 ft, 44 nm north, 5:00 am CDT (10:00 UTC): no icing. 140 nm along the route, 44 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
RST UA /OV RST/TM 1000/FL048/TP BE20/SK TOP048/SKC ABV/IC NEG
```
Report
a routine report filed through RST
Where
over RST
Time
10:00 UTC
Height
at 4,800 ft
Aircraft
BE20
Sky
TOP048 C above
Icing
none
B763 at 2,000 ft, 47 nm north, 5:26 am CDT (10:26 UTC): overcast from 2,700 ft to 3,300 ft, remarks: during the descent. 319 nm along the route, 47 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
FSD UA /OV KFSD/TM 1026/FL020/TP B763/SK OVC027-TOP033/RM DURD
```
Report
a routine report filed through FSD
Where
over KFSD
Time
10:26 UTC
Height
at 2,000 ft
Aircraft
B763
Sky
overcast from 2,700 ft, tops 3,300 ft
Remarks
during the descent

Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 08:00–15:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed

The westbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: even thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 12 forecast points nearest it (DBQ, MCW, FSD, ONL, BFF, RKS, SLC, ELY, BAM, RNO, SAC, SFO). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.

Height	Average wind	Head- or tailwind	Temperature	Ground speed	Time en route	Arrival
4,500 ft	310° at 4 kt	+2 kt	14 °C	118 kt	13 h 01 min	4:39 pm PDT (23:39 UTC)
6,500 ft	280° at 8 kt	+6 kt	13 °C	114 kt	13 h 28 min	5:06 pm PDT (00:06 UTC)
8,500 ft	270° at 12 kt	+11 kt	6 °C	109 kt	14 h 06 min	5:44 pm PDT (00:44 UTC)
10,500 ft	270° at 13 kt	+13 kt	2 °C	107 kt	14 h 21 min	5:59 pm PDT (00:59 UTC)
12,500 ft	260° at 14 kt	+13 kt	-2 °C	107 kt	14 h 21 min	5:59 pm PDT (00:59 UTC)
14,500 ft	260° at 17 kt	+16 kt	-7 °C	104 kt	14 h 46 min	6:24 pm PDT (01:24 UTC)
16,500 ft	250° at 19 kt	+18 kt	-12 °C	102 kt	15 h 04 min	6:42 pm PDT (01:42 UTC)
18,000 ft FL180	250° at 22 kt	+20 kt	-15 °C	100 kt	15 h 22 min	7:00 pm PDT (02:00 UTC)
24,000 ft FL240	260° at 35 kt	+33 kt	-26 °C	87 kt	17 h 39 min	9:17 pm PDT (04:17 UTC)
30,000 ft FL300	250° at 59 kt	+56 kt	-34 °C	64 kt	24 h	3:38 am PDT (10:38 UTC)
34,000 ft FL340	250° at 63 kt	+60 kt	-40 °C	60 kt	25 h 36 min	5:14 am PDT (12:14 UTC)
39,000 ft FL390	250° at 60 kt	+58 kt	-46 °C	62 kt	24 h 46 min	4:24 am PDT (11:24 UTC)

Based on data from the 13th at 06:00 UTC; valid on the 13th at 12:00 UTC for use 08:00 to 15:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.

The forecast points as issued

Point	From	3,000	6,000	9,000	12,000	18,000	24,000	30,000	34,000	39,000
DBQ	used from 0 nm out; 56 nm from the line	300/20	270/37 18°	280/37 11°	280/38 3°	260/50 -10°	270/53 -20°	280/78 -29°	280/82 -37°	290/85 -49°
MCW	used from 100 nm out; 51 nm from the line	330/20	280/29 18°	280/36 10°	280/36 4°	260/35 -12°	260/52 -20°	270/91 -29°	270/96 -37°	270/88 -48°
FSD	used from 249 nm out; 66 nm from the line	360/17	300/14 15°	240/25 10°	260/30 3°	250/29 -13°	250/47 -22°	250/107 -29°	250/111 -36°	250/101 -48°
ONL	used from 349 nm out; 40 nm from the line		150/16 14°	230/21 12°	240/23 4°	240/44 -11°	250/66 -23°	240/109 -29°	240/109 -37°	250/104 -48°
BFF	used from 549 nm out; 62 nm from the line		110/11	240/19 9°	220/29 3°	230/34 -13°	230/57 -25°	220/109 -31°	220/125 -38°	220/123 -48°
RKS	used from 748 nm out; 108 nm from the line			220/14	200/16 -3°	200/39 -16°	220/51 -25°	210/64 -40°	210/73 -42°	210/80 -43°
SLC	used from 948 nm out; 47 nm from the line		250/5	190/12 -1°	180/13 -6°	180/19 -20°	190/41 -31°	200/62 -38°	210/51 -41°	210/39 -42°
ELY	used from 1097 nm out; 56 nm from the line			340/15 -5°	L/V -10°	210/18 -23°	220/28 -38°	230/29 -33°	260/22 -36°	240/19 -41°
BAM	used from 1247 nm out; 84 nm from the line			010/19 -6°	050/10 -11°	080/20 -25°	080/31 -34°	010/28 -33°	360/27 -37°	340/15 -42°
RNO	used from 1297 nm out; 83 nm from the line		010/9	030/15 -7°	030/21 -11°	360/56 -18°	350/99 -22°	340/95 -39°	340/85 -46°	350/40 -45°
SAC	used from 1397 nm out; 65 nm from the line	350/16	350/30 5°	340/32 1°	350/45 -2°	340/63 -12°	340/67 -23°	340/73 -39°	330/76 -49°	330/72 -55°
SFO	used from 1497 nm out; 20 nm from the line	360/13	010/17 5°	350/26 4°	350/42 2°	340/51 -11°	340/59 -23°	330/69 -39°	330/67 -49°	330/71 -55°

The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch

Airport	Where	Conditions	Wind	Visibility	Ceiling	Elevation	Reported
MSN Madison, WI	departure	VFR	variable at 5 knots	10+ mi	none	886 ft	4:53 am CDT (09:53 UTC)
OVS Boscobel, WI	60 nm out, 3 nm northeast of the line	VFR	from the west (270°) at 7 knots, gusting to 18	10+ mi	none	672 ft	09:53 UTC
LRJ Le Mars, IA	299 nm out, 4 nm southwest of the line	marginal VFR Sky: overcast at 1,700 feet	from the north (350°) at 5 knots	10+ mi	1,700 ft	1,197 ft	10:15 UTC
RBE Bassett, NE	449 nm out, 3 nm northwest of the line	no report just now				2,349 ft
AIA Alliance, NE	599 nm out, 5 nm south of the line	IFR Sky: overcast at 900 feet Weather: mist	from the northeast (040°) at 9 knots	5 mi	900 ft	3,930 ft	10:33 UTC
GUR Guernsey, WY	678 nm out, 23 nm north of the line, tower	IFR Sky: overcast at 600 feet	from the east-southeast (120°) at 6 knots	10+ mi	600 ft	4,401 ft	09:55 UTC
SAA Saratoga, WY	778 nm out, 6 nm southwest of the line	VFR Sky: scattered clouds at 5,000 feet, scattered clouds at 12,000 feet	calm	10+ mi	none	7,014 ft	10:10 UTC
SLC Salt Lake City, UT	1018 nm out, 16 nm north of the line, tower	VFR Sky: scattered clouds at 2,300 feet, a broken layer at 4,400 feet, overcast at 6,000 feet Weather: light rain	from the north (350°) at 3 knots	10+ mi	4,400 ft	4,230 ft	10:29 UTC
GAB Gabbs, NV	1317 nm out, 5 nm southeast of the line	no report just now				4,699 ft
LVK Livermore, CA	1507 nm out, 7 nm south of the line, tower	VFR	from the east-northeast (060°) at 4 knots	10+ mi	none	399 ft	09:53 UTC
SFO San Francisco, CA	destination	VFR Sky: a few clouds at 800 feet	from the northwest (310°) at 5 knots	10+ mi	none	13 ft	2:56 am PDT (09:56 UTC)

The highest airport on this list sits at 7,014 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.

The codes as issued, and in English, for every airport in the table

MSN Madison, WI

the observation and the forecast as issued, and in English

METAR KMSN 130953Z AUTO VRB05KT 10SM CLR 21/16 A2971 RMK AO2 SLP053 T02060161 $

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KMSN: the station, KMSN
130953Z: observed 4:53 am CDT (09:53 UTC)
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
VRB05KT: wind light and variable
10SM: visibility 10 miles
CLR: clear skies
21/16: temperature 21 °C (70 °F), dew point 16 °C (61 °F)
A2971: altimeter setting 29.71 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
SLP053: sea-level pressure 1005.3 hPa
T02060161: temperature 20.6 °C (69 °F), dew point 16.1 °C (61 °F)
$: the station needs maintenance

TAF KMSN 130520Z 1306/1406 23010KT P6SM SKC WS020/25045KT FM130900 30010KT P6SM FEW250 FM140000 00000KT P6SM SCT100

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KMSN: the station, KMSN
130520Z: issued 12:20 am CDT (05:20 UTC)
1306/1406 23010KT P6SM SKC WS020/25045KT: valid from Tue 1:00 am CDT (06:00 UTC) to Wed 1:00 am CDT (06:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies, wind shear below 2,000 feet: wind from 250° at 45 knots above it
FM130900 30010KT P6SM FEW250: from Tue 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC): wind from the west-northwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
FM140000 00000KT P6SM SCT100: from Tue 7:00 pm CDT (00:00 UTC): wind calm, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 10,000 feet

OVS Boscobel, WI

the observation as issued, and in English

METAR KOVS 130953Z AUTO 27007G18KT 10SM CLR 17/13 A2978 RMK AO2 SLP082 T01670133

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KOVS: the station, KOVS
130953Z: observed 09:53 UTC on the 13th
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
27007G18KT: wind from the west at 7 knots, gusting to 18
10SM: visibility 10 miles
CLR: clear skies
17/13: temperature 17 °C (63 °F), dew point 13 °C (55 °F)
A2978: altimeter setting 29.78 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
SLP082: sea-level pressure 1008.2 hPa
T01670133: temperature 16.7 °C (62 °F), dew point 13.3 °C (56 °F)

LRJ Le Mars, IA

the observation as issued, and in English

METAR KLRJ 131015Z AUTO 35005KT 10SM OVC017 A2989 RMK AO2

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KLRJ: the station, KLRJ
131015Z: observed 10:15 UTC on the 13th
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
35005KT: wind from the north at 5 knots
10SM: visibility 10 miles
OVC017: overcast at 1,700 feet
A2989: altimeter setting 29.89 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor

AIA Alliance, NE

the observation and the forecast as issued, and in English

SPECI KAIA 131033Z AUTO 04009KT 5SM BR OVC009 06/04 A2997 RMK AO2 T00560044

SPECI: a special observation, issued because the weather changed
KAIA: the station, KAIA
131033Z: observed 10:33 UTC on the 13th
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
04009KT: wind from the northeast at 9 knots
5SM: visibility 5 miles
BR: mist
OVC009: overcast at 900 feet
06/04: temperature 6 °C (43 °F), dew point 4 °C (39 °F)
A2997: altimeter setting 29.97 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
T00560044: temperature 5.6 °C (42 °F), dew point 4.4 °C (40 °F)

TAF KAIA 130520Z 1306/1406 05006KT P6SM VCFG OVC015 FM130800 08006KT P6SM VCFG OVC008 FM131500 VRB06KT P6SM BKN015 FM132000 06010KT P6SM SCT050

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KAIA: the station, KAIA
130520Z: issued 05:20 UTC on the 13th
1306/1406 05006KT P6SM VCFG OVC015: valid from Tue 06:00 UTC to Wed 06:00 UTC: wind from the northeast at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, fog nearby, overcast at 1,500 feet
FM130800 08006KT P6SM VCFG OVC008: from Tue 08:00 UTC: wind from the east at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, fog nearby, overcast at 800 feet
FM131500 VRB06KT P6SM BKN015: from Tue 15:00 UTC: wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, a broken layer at 1,500 feet
FM132000 06010KT P6SM SCT050: from Tue 20:00 UTC: wind from the east-northeast at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 5,000 feet

GUR Guernsey, WY

the observation and the forecast as issued, and in English

METAR KGUR 130955Z AUTO 12006KT 10SM OVC006 08/07 A2995 RMK AO2 SLP137 T00790067

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KGUR: the station, KGUR
130955Z: observed 09:55 UTC on the 13th
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
12006KT: wind from the east-southeast at 6 knots
10SM: visibility 10 miles
OVC006: overcast at 600 feet
08/07: temperature 8 °C (46 °F), dew point 7 °C (45 °F)
A2995: altimeter setting 29.95 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
SLP137: sea-level pressure 1013.7 hPa
T00790067: temperature 7.9 °C (46 °F), dew point 6.7 °C (44 °F)

TAF KGUR 130500Z 1305/1411 07005KT 9999 SCT070 BKN100 QNH2993INS BECMG 1311/1312 13006KT 9000 BR OVC005 QNH2996INS BECMG 1314/1315 13006KT 9999 NSW SCT020 BKN050 QNH2998INS BECMG 1401/1402 VRB06KT 9999 -RA BKN040 OVC055 QNH3002INS TX16/1323Z TN06/1313Z

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KGUR: the station, KGUR
130500Z: issued 05:00 UTC on the 13th
1305/1411 07005KT 9999 SCT070 BKN100 QNH2993INS: valid from Tue 05:00 UTC to Wed 11:00 UTC: wind from the east-northeast at 5 knots, 9999, scattered clouds at 7,000 feet, a broken layer at 10,000 feet, lowest altimeter setting expected 29.93 inches
BECMG 1311/1312 13006KT 9000 BR OVC005 QNH2996INS: becoming from Tue 11:00 UTC to Tue 12:00 UTC: wind from the southeast at 6 knots, 9000, mist, overcast at 500 feet, lowest altimeter setting expected 29.96 inches
BECMG 1314/1315 13006KT 9999 NSW SCT020 BKN050 QNH2998INS: becoming from Tue 14:00 UTC to Tue 15:00 UTC: wind from the southeast at 6 knots, 9999, no significant weather, scattered clouds at 2,000 feet, a broken layer at 5,000 feet, lowest altimeter setting expected 29.98 inches
BECMG 1401/1402 VRB06KT 9999 -RA BKN040 OVC055 QNH3002INS TX16/1323Z TN06/1313Z: becoming from Wed 01:00 UTC to Wed 02:00 UTC: wind light and variable, 9999, light rain, a broken layer at 4,000 feet, overcast at 5,500 feet, lowest altimeter setting expected 30.02 inches, tx16/1323z, tn06/1313z

SAA Saratoga, WY

the observation as issued, and in English

METAR KSAA 131010Z AUTO 00000KT 10SM SCT050 SCT120 06/06 A2996 RMK AO2

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KSAA: the station, KSAA
131010Z: observed 10:10 UTC on the 13th
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
00000KT: wind calm
10SM: visibility 10 miles
SCT050: scattered clouds at 5,000 feet
SCT120: scattered clouds at 12,000 feet
06/06: temperature 6 °C (43 °F), dew point 6 °C (43 °F)
A2996: altimeter setting 29.96 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor

SLC Salt Lake City, UT

the observation and the forecast as issued, and in English

SPECI KSLC 131029Z 35003KT 10SM -RA SCT023 BKN044 OVC060 08/07 A2987 RMK AO2 P0001 T00830067 $

SPECI: a special observation, issued because the weather changed
KSLC: the station, KSLC
131029Z: observed 10:29 UTC on the 13th
35003KT: wind from the north at 3 knots
10SM: visibility 10 miles
-RA: light rain
SCT023: scattered clouds at 2,300 feet
BKN044: a broken layer at 4,400 feet
OVC060: overcast at 6,000 feet
08/07: temperature 8 °C (46 °F), dew point 7 °C (45 °F)
A2987: altimeter setting 29.87 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
P0001: 0.01 inches of precipitation in the last hour
T00830067: temperature 8.3 °C (47 °F), dew point 6.7 °C (44 °F)
$: the station needs maintenance

TAF KSLC 130902Z 1309/1412 34005KT P6SM -SHRA FEW015 BKN035 OVC050 FM131000 15005KT P6SM -SHRA SCT007 BKN020 OVC030 FM131600 31008KT P6SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC035 FM132100 34009KT P6SM -SHRA FEW030 OVC040

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KSLC: the station, KSLC
130902Z: issued 09:02 UTC on the 13th
1309/1412 34005KT P6SM -SHRA FEW015 BKN035 OVC050: valid from Tue 09:00 UTC to Wed 12:00 UTC: wind from the north-northwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, light rain showers, a few clouds at 1,500 feet, a broken layer at 3,500 feet, overcast at 5,000 feet
FM131000 15005KT P6SM -SHRA SCT007 BKN020 OVC030: from Tue 10:00 UTC: wind from the south-southeast at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, light rain showers, scattered clouds at 700 feet, a broken layer at 2,000 feet, overcast at 3,000 feet
FM131600 31008KT P6SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC035: from Tue 16:00 UTC: wind from the northwest at 8 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, light rain showers, a broken layer at 2,000 feet, overcast at 3,500 feet
FM132100 34009KT P6SM -SHRA FEW030 OVC040: from Tue 21:00 UTC: wind from the north-northwest at 9 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, light rain showers, a few clouds at 3,000 feet, overcast at 4,000 feet

LVK Livermore, CA

the observation and the forecast as issued, and in English

METAR KLVK 130953Z AUTO 06004KT 10SM CLR 08/05 A3001 RMK AO2 SLP160 T00830050

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KLVK: the station, KLVK
130953Z: observed 09:53 UTC on the 13th
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
06004KT: wind from the east-northeast at 4 knots
10SM: visibility 10 miles
CLR: clear skies
08/05: temperature 8 °C (46 °F), dew point 5 °C (41 °F)
A3001: altimeter setting 30.01 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
SLP160: sea-level pressure 1016.0 hPa
T00830050: temperature 8.3 °C (47 °F), dew point 5 °C (41 °F)

TAF KLVK 130520Z 1306/1406 VRB03KT P6SM SKC FM132100 35008KT P6SM SKC FM140300 20005KT P6SM SKC

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KLVK: the station, KLVK
130520Z: issued 05:20 UTC on the 13th
1306/1406 VRB03KT P6SM SKC: valid from Tue 06:00 UTC to Wed 06:00 UTC: wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
FM132100 35008KT P6SM SKC: from Tue 21:00 UTC: wind from the north at 8 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
FM140300 20005KT P6SM SKC: from Wed 03:00 UTC: wind from the south-southwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies

SFO San Francisco, CA

the observation and the forecast as issued, and in English

METAR KSFO 130956Z 31005KT 10SM FEW008 13/11 A3001 RMK AO2 SLP160 T01330111 $

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KSFO: the station, KSFO
130956Z: observed 2:56 am PDT (09:56 UTC)
31005KT: wind from the northwest at 5 knots
10SM: visibility 10 miles
FEW008: a few clouds at 800 feet
13/11: temperature 13 °C (55 °F), dew point 11 °C (52 °F)
A3001: altimeter setting 30.01 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
SLP160: sea-level pressure 1016.0 hPa
T01330111: temperature 13.3 °C (56 °F), dew point 11.1 °C (52 °F)
$: the station needs maintenance

TAF KSFO 130831Z 1309/1412 23005KT P6SM FEW009 FM132000 32011KT P6SM SKC FM140400 28006KT P6SM SKC

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KSFO: the station, KSFO
130831Z: issued 1:31 am PDT (08:31 UTC)
1309/1412 23005KT P6SM FEW009: valid from Tue 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC) to Wed 5:00 am PDT (12:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 900 feet
FM132000 32011KT P6SM SKC: from Tue 1:00 pm PDT (20:00 UTC): wind from the northwest at 11 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
FM140400 28006KT P6SM SKC: from Tue 9:00 pm PDT (04:00 UTC): wind from the west at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies

At SFO when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 4:39 pm PDT (23:39 UTC)

Wind from the northwest at 11 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies VFR

The whole forecast for SFO

From Tue 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 900 feet
From Tue 1:00 pm PDT (20:00 UTC): wind from the northwest at 11 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
From Tue 9:00 pm PDT (04:00 UTC): wind from the west at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies

The forecast for MSN, the departure

From Tue 1:00 am CDT (06:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, low-level wind shear, clear skies
From Tue 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC): wind from the west-northwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
From Tue 7:00 pm CDT (00:00 UTC): wind calm, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 10,000 feet

SFO:

the forecast as issued, and in English

TAF KSFO 130831Z 1309/1412 23005KT P6SM FEW009 FM132000 32011KT P6SM SKC FM140400 28006KT P6SM SKC

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KSFO: the station, KSFO
130831Z: issued 1:31 am PDT (08:31 UTC)
1309/1412 23005KT P6SM FEW009: valid from Tue 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC) to Wed 5:00 am PDT (12:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 900 feet
FM132000 32011KT P6SM SKC: from Tue 1:00 pm PDT (20:00 UTC): wind from the northwest at 11 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
FM140400 28006KT P6SM SKC: from Tue 9:00 pm PDT (04:00 UTC): wind from the west at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies

MSN:

the forecast as issued, and in English

TAF KMSN 130520Z 1306/1406 23010KT P6SM SKC WS020/25045KT FM130900 30010KT P6SM FEW250 FM140000 00000KT P6SM SCT100

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KMSN: the station, KMSN
130520Z: issued 12:20 am CDT (05:20 UTC)
1306/1406 23010KT P6SM SKC WS020/25045KT: valid from Tue 1:00 am CDT (06:00 UTC) to Wed 1:00 am CDT (06:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies, wind shear below 2,000 feet: wind from 250° at 45 knots above it
FM130900 30010KT P6SM FEW250: from Tue 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC): wind from the west-northwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
FM140000 00000KT P6SM SCT100: from Tue 7:00 pm CDT (00:00 UTC): wind calm, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 10,000 feet

Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it

No temporary flight restriction on or near this route right now.

Notices to air missions closures and things out of service at both ends; airspace, navigation aids and obstructions near the line

MSN: 18 notices in force. all of them, grouped →

SFO: 125 notices in force, 1 starting within a week. all of them, grouped →

closed Taxiway A between taxiway Q1 and taxiway K closed until Tue 13 Oct, 5:00 am PDT (12:00 UTC) · SFO 10/119
as issued
```
!SFO 10/119 SFO TWY A BTN TWY Q1 AND TWY K CLSD 2610131000-2610131200
```
closed Taxiway L between runway 10L/28R and runway 10R/28L closed until Tue 13 Oct, 8:00 am PDT (15:00 UTC) · SFO 10/117
as issued
```
!SFO 10/117 SFO TWY L BTN RWY 10L/28R AND RWY 10R/28L CLSD 2610130700-2610131500
```
closed Taxiway F between taxiway B and taxiway L closed until Thu 19 Nov, 11:59 pm PST (07:59 UTC) · SFO 09/287
as issued
```
!SFO 09/287 SFO TWY F BTN TWY B AND TWY L CLSD 2609260720-2611200759
```
closed Taxiway L between runway 10R/28L and taxiway F closed until Thu 19 Nov, 11:59 pm PST (07:59 UTC) · SFO 09/276
as issued
```
!SFO 09/276 SFO TWY L BTN RWY 10R/28L AND TWY F CLSD 2609251059-2611200759
```

Airports along the way: AIA runway 08/26 closed runway 17/35 closed · SLC runway 14/32 closed · LVK airport closed

118 notices near the line, the first 30 (airspace and special activity within 25 nm, navigation aids within 25 nm, obstructions within 5 nm):

Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1300565) 43°02′N 90°03′W (11.4 nautical miles southeast LNR) 1,464 ft (306 ft above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 3:38 pm CST (21:38 UTC), estimated · 30 nm along the route, 5 nm off the line · LNR 10/001
as issued
```
!LNR 10/001 LNR OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1300565) 430246.90N0900313.20W (11.4NM SE LNR) 1464FT (306FT AGL) U/S 2610051540-2611192138EST
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1047769) 43°02′N 90°42′W (7.0 nautical miles south OVS) 1472.1FT (240.2FT above ground level) out of service until Wed 2 Dec, 5:59 pm CST (23:59 UTC) · 60 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · OVS 10/001
as issued
```
!OVS 10/001 OVS OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1047769) 430244.10N0904209.20W (7.0NM S OVS) 1472.1FT (240.2FT AGL) U/S 2610020620-2612022359
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1285152) 43°07′N 91°02′W (7.6 nautical miles NNE PDC) 1500.0FT (258.9FT above ground level) out of service until Wed 28 Oct, 12:18 am CDT (05:18 UTC) · 70 nm along the route, 5 nm off the line · PDC 10/004
as issued
```
!PDC 10/004 PDC OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1285152) 430741.90N0910203.50W (7.6NM NNE PDC) 1500.0FT (258.9FT AGL) U/S 2610130618-2610280518
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1300213) 43°11′N 91°20′W (7.4 nautical miles southeast Y01) 1514.1FT (309.1FT above ground level) out of service until Wed 25 Nov, 5:59 pm CST (23:59 UTC) · 90 nm along the route, 6 nm off the line · Y01 09/239
as issued
```
!FOD 09/239 Y01 OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1300213) 431141.10N0912053.30W (7.4NM SE Y01) 1514.1FT (309.1FT AGL) U/S 2609251549-2611252359
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1017697) 43°03′N 91°30′W (13.4 nautical miles south Y01) 1586.9FT (399.9FT above ground level) out of service until Wed 4 Nov, 5:59 pm CST (23:59 UTC) · 100 nm along the route, 5 nm off the line · Y01 10/058
as issued
```
!FOD 10/058 Y01 OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1017697) 430335.00N0913012.00W (13.4NM S Y01) 1586.9FT (399.9FT AGL) U/S 2610051617-2611042359
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1246719) 42°57′N 91°49′W (2.2 nautical miles southwest 3Y2) 1436.0FT (265.1FT above ground level) out of service until Wed 2 Dec, 5:59 pm CST (23:59 UTC) · 110 nm along the route, 7 nm off the line · 3Y2 10/032
as issued
```
!FOD 10/032 3Y2 OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1246719) 425747.30N0914946.20W (2.2NM SW 3Y2) 1436.0FT (265.1FT AGL) U/S 2610021822-2612022359
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1237171) 43°03′N 92°03′W (12.4 nautical miles east 1Y5) 1425.9FT (315.0FT above ground level) out of service until Thu 26 Nov, 5:59 pm CST (23:59 UTC) · on the line, 120 nm along · 1Y5 09/252
as issued
```
!FOD 09/252 1Y5 OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1237171) 430335.60N0920341.90W (12.4NM E 1Y5) 1425.9FT (315.0FT AGL) U/S 2609270201-2611262359
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASN 2024-WTE-6525-OE) 43°11′N 92°26′W (7.5 nautical miles northwest 1Y5) 1,421 ft (267 ft above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 4:13 pm CST (22:13 UTC), estimated · 130 nm along the route, 3 nm off the line · 1Y5 10/072
as issued
```
!FOD 10/072 1Y5 OBST TOWER LGT (ASN 2024-WTE-6525-OE) 431127N0922614W (7.5NM NW 1Y5) 1421FT (267FT AGL) U/S 2610051617-2611192213EST
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASN 2024-WTE-2380-OE) 43°04′N 92°49′W (9.3 nautical miles west CCY) 1,380 ft (267 ft above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 3:47 pm CST (21:47 UTC), estimated · 150 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · CCY 10/001
as issued
```
!CCY 10/001 CCY OBST TOWER LGT (ASN 2024-WTE-2380-OE) 430405N0924916W (9.3NM W CCY) 1380FT (267FT AGL) U/S 2610051549-2611192147EST
```
Obstruction wind Turbine lights (ASN 2024-WTE-2381-OE) 42°58′N 92°46′W (9.2 nautical miles southwest CCY) 1,278 ft (267 ft above ground level) out of service until Sun 8 Nov, 12:09 am CST (06:09 UTC) · 150 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · CCY 09/004
as issued
```
!CCY 09/004 CCY OBST WIND TURBINE LGT (ASN 2024-WTE-2381-OE) 425834N0924626W (9.2NM SW CCY) 1278FT (267FT AGL) U/S 2609231107-2611080609
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1018197) 43°07′N 93°14′W (4.6 nautical miles ESE MCW) 1468.5FT (298.6FT above ground level) out of service until Wed 14 Oct, 6:59 pm CDT (23:59 UTC) · 170 nm along the route, 6 nm off the line · MCW 09/002
as issued
```
!MCW 09/002 MCW OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1018197) 430707.00N0931423.00W (4.6NM ESE MCW) 1468.5FT (298.6FT AGL) U/S 2609022102-2610142359
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1048371) 43°06′N 93°31′W (8.5 nautical miles SSE FXY) 1462.9FT (214.9FT above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 6:31 am CST (12:31 UTC) · 180 nm along the route, 8 nm off the line · FXY 10/053
as issued
```
!FOD 10/053 FXY OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1048371) 430647.00N0933123.00W (8.5NM SSE FXY) 1462.9FT (214.9FT AGL) U/S 2610051231-2611191231
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASN 2019-ACE-5584-OE) 42°50′N 93°58′W (7.9 nautical miles NNW EAG) 1,381 ft (250 ft above ground level) out of service until Wed 28 Oct, 6:00 pm CDT (23:00 UTC) · 200 nm along the route, 10 nm off the line · EAG 09/258
as issued
```
!FOD 09/258 EAG OBST TOWER LGT (ASN 2019-ACE-5584-OE) 425005N0935814W (7.9NM NNW EAG) 1381FT (250FT AGL) U/S 2609281222-2610282300
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASN 2020-WTE-3360-OE) 42°59′N 94°11′W (6.4 nautical miles southeast AXA) 1,435 ft (291 ft above ground level) out of service until Mon 26 Oct, 6:59 pm CDT (23:59 UTC) · 210 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · AXA 09/004
as issued
```
!AXA 09/004 AXA OBST TOWER LGT (ASN 2020-WTE-3360-OE) 425936N0941105W (6.4NM SE AXA) 1435FT (291FT AGL) U/S 2609262149-2610262359
```
Navigation aid ILS runway 06 outer marker out of service until Thu 12 Nov, 2:00 pm CST (20:00 UTC), estimated · 219 nm along the route, 25 nm off the line · FOD 06/230
as issued
```
!FOD 06/230 FOD NAV ILS RWY 06 OM U/S 2606260835-2611122000EST
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1258914) 42°51′N 94°51′W (11.6 nautical miles northwest POH) 1561.4FT (264.8FT above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 5:23 am CST (11:23 UTC) · 239 nm along the route, 6 nm off the line · POH 07/269
as issued
```
!FOD 07/269 POH OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1258914) 425103.20N0945154.20W (11.6NM NW POH) 1561.4FT (264.8FT AGL) U/S 2607221123-2611191123
```
Navigation aid ILS runway 12 outer marker out of service until Wed 16 Dec, 2:00 pm CST (20:00 UTC), estimated · 259 nm along the route, 16 nm off the line · SPW 06/009
as issued
```
!SPW 06/009 SPW NAV ILS RWY 12 OM U/S 2606161435-2612162000EST
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1245937) 42°45′N 95°33′W (1.2 nautical miles northeast CKP) 1369.1FT (134.8FT above ground level) out of service until Mon 7 Dec, 9:16 pm CST (03:16 UTC) · 269 nm along the route, 9 nm off the line · CKP 10/004
as issued
```
!CKP 10/004 CKP OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1245937) 424503.70N0953318.20W (1.2NM NE CKP) 1369.1FT (134.8FT AGL) U/S 2610080316-2612080316
```
Navigation aid ILS runway 13 outer marker out of service until Fri 18 Dec, 3:11 pm CST (21:11 UTC), estimated · 309 nm along the route, 25 nm off the line · SUX 05/100
as issued
```
!SUX 05/100 SUX NAV ILS RWY 13 OM U/S 2605202315-2612182111EST
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASN 2024-ACE-5780-OE) 42°54′N 96°30′W (15.8 nautical miles WNW LRJ) 1,512 ft (310 ft above ground level) out of service until Fri 6 Nov, 2:45 am CST (08:45 UTC) · 319 nm along the route, 7 nm off the line · LRJ 09/004
as issued
```
!LRJ 09/004 LRJ OBST TOWER LGT (ASN 2024-ACE-5780-OE) 425428N0963025W (15.8NM WNW LRJ) 1512FT (310FT AGL) U/S 2609220846-2611060845
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASN 2010-ACE-693-OE) 42°39′N 96°53′W (6.7 nautical miles SSE VMR) 1,712 ft (300 ft above ground level) out of service until Thu 5 Nov, 5:00 pm CST (23:00 UTC) · 329 nm along the route, 8 nm off the line · VMR 10/020
as issued
```
!HON 10/020 VMR OBST TOWER LGT (ASN 2010-ACE-693-OE) 423932N0965312W (6.7NM SSE VMR) 1712FT (300FT AGL) U/S 2610052244-2611052300
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASN 2012-WTE-4858-OE) 42°42′N 97°33′W (8.9 nautical miles northeast 84Y) 2,134 ft (410 ft above ground level) out of service until Fri 30 Oct, 6:59 pm CDT (23:59 UTC) · 359 nm along the route, 3 nm off the line · 84Y 10/029
as issued
```
!OLU 10/029 84Y OBST TOWER LGT (ASN 2012-WTE-4858-OE) 424203N0973321W (8.9NM NE 84Y) 2134FT (410FT AGL) U/S 2610051137-2610302359
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1268073) 42°43′N 97°27′W (11.6 nautical miles northwest 0B4) 1899.6FT (349.7FT above ground level) out of service until Tue 3 Nov, 5:59 pm CST (23:59 UTC) · 359 nm along the route, 2 nm off the line · 0B4 09/013
as issued
```
!OLU 09/013 0B4 OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1268073) 424336.50N0972716.50W (11.6NM NW 0B4) 1899.6FT (349.7FT AGL) U/S 2609022013-2611032359
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1262190) 42°39′N 97°43′W (4.9 nautical miles NNW 84Y) 2302.5FT (409.8FT above ground level) out of service until Fri 4 Dec, 6:31 pm CST (00:31 UTC) · 369 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · 84Y 10/028
as issued
```
!OLU 10/028 84Y OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1262190) 423906.10N0974328.70W (4.9NM NNW 84Y) 2302.5FT (409.8FT AGL) U/S 2610050032-2612050031
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1261041) 42°36′N 97°37′W (3.0 nautical miles northeast 84Y) 2081.0FT (308.1FT above ground level) out of service until Fri 1 Jan, 8:08 am CST (14:08 UTC) · 369 nm along the route, 7 nm off the line · 84Y 09/018
as issued
```
!OLU 09/018 84Y OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1261041) 423645.30N0973721.40W (3.0NM NE 84Y) 2081.0FT (308.1FT AGL) U/S 2609031408-2701011408
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASN 2025-above ground level-12891-OE) 42°50′N 97°54′W (2.0 nautical miles south Y03) 1,504 ft (199 ft above ground level) out of service until Sun 8 Nov, 2:56 pm CST (20:56 UTC) · 379 nm along the route, 10 nm off the line · Y03 09/100
as issued
```
!HON 09/100 Y03 OBST TOWER LGT (ASN 2025-AGL-12891-OE) 425055N0975408W (2.0NM S Y03) 1504FT (199FT AGL) U/S 2609242058-2611082056
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1213351) 42°39′N 98°03′W (13.5 nautical miles northwest 6K3) 2042.0FT (497.0FT above ground level) out of service until Tue 1 Dec, 5:59 pm CST (23:59 UTC) · 389 nm along the route, 5 nm off the line · 6K3 10/003
as issued
```
!OLU 10/003 6K3 OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1213351) 423922.00N0980336.20W (13.5NM NW 6K3) 2042.0FT (497.0FT AGL) U/S 2610011237-2612012359
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1283208) 42°33′N 99°49′W (7.3 nautical miles ESE ANW) 2781.2FT (270.0FT above ground level) out of service until Sat 31 Oct, 6:59 pm CDT (23:59 UTC) · 459 nm along the route, 5 nm off the line · ANW 09/014
as issued
```
!ANW 09/014 ANW OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1283208) 423303.00N0994953.00W (7.3NM ESE ANW) 2781.2FT (270.0FT AGL) U/S 2609241146-2610312359
```
Navigation aid NDB beacon out of service until further notice · 489 nm along the route, 26 nm off the line · VTN 07/006
as issued
```
!VTN 07/006 VTN NAV NDB U/S 2607301344-PERM
```
Navigation aid VOR out of service until Fri 13 Nov, 3:11 pm CST (21:11 UTC), estimated · 509 nm along the route, 25 nm off the line · TDD 05/004
as issued
```
!TIF 05/004 TDD NAV VOR U/S 2605131929-2611132111EST
```

From the FAA's notice service (NOTAMs), the site's copy refreshed every few minutes; last checked 1 minutes ago. The FAA has so far issued eFlight its test feed, which misses some notices (checked against the FAA's own search on 12 October: about a third missing at Santa Barbara and Burbank, none at Atlanta or Las Vegas); the request for the full feed is with the FAA. Times are local to the field. This is for planning; the legal briefing comes from Flight Service or the FAA's own tools.

Daylight

Sunset at MSN 6:18 pm CDT (23:18 UTC), at SFO 6:33 pm PDT (01:33 UTC) (civil twilight ends 7:00 pm PDT (02:00 UTC)).

Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times.

The wind over the route live wind map, from Windy.com · drag the time bar for the coming hours; the level menu changes the height

Colours show wind speed, the moving lines its direction, at the surface unless you pick a height. Map and forecast by Windy.com; a second opinion beside the government's winds-aloft table above.

Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads · the turbulence and icing forecasts: turbulence ↗ · icing ↗

Radar now, the upper Mississippi valley · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the northern Rockies · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the southern Rockies · loop National Weather Service

Aviation forecast, clouds and visibility, the north-central states, 6 hours ahead · on the government's site ↗ Aviation Weather Center (NOAA) · cloud cover and bases, visibility, and the areas of low cloud or poor visibility

Aviation forecast, surface weather, the north-central states, 6 hours ahead · on the government's site ↗ Aviation Weather Center (NOAA) · surface winds, weather, thunderstorms, and the AIRMET boxes for turbulence, icing and strong winds

Aviation forecast, clouds and visibility, the Northwest, 6 hours ahead · on the government's site ↗ Aviation Weather Center (NOAA) · cloud cover and bases, visibility, and the areas of low cloud or poor visibility

Aviation forecast, surface weather, the Northwest, 6 hours ahead · on the government's site ↗ Aviation Weather Center (NOAA) · surface winds, weather, thunderstorms, and the AIRMET boxes for turbulence, icing and strong winds

Aviation forecast, clouds and visibility, the Southwest, 6 hours ahead · on the government's site ↗ Aviation Weather Center (NOAA) · cloud cover and bases, visibility, and the areas of low cloud or poor visibility

Aviation forecast, surface weather, the Southwest, 6 hours ahead · on the government's site ↗ Aviation Weather Center (NOAA) · surface winds, weather, thunderstorms, and the AIRMET boxes for turbulence, icing and strong winds

Radar, the whole country · loop National Weather Service

Surface analysis now Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Dane County Rgnl/Truax Field, San Francisco International.