Plan a flight · Tue 3:40 am PDT (10:40 UTC)

San Francisco International to Dane County Rgnl/Truax Field SFO → MSN

1,536 nautical miles (1,768 statute miles) northeast on a straight line, true course 067°, about 053° magnetic at the departure end (variation 14E). At 120 knots that is 8 h 35 min at the quickest height in today's winds (34,000 ft, a 59-knot tailwind), arriving about 2:15 pm CDT (19:15 UTC). Right now SFO is VFR, wind from the northwest (310°) at 5 knots; MSN is VFR, wind variable at 5 knots. For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 3 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.

The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words

Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of

AIRMET TANGO 1W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 18,000 ft to 39,000 ft, from 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 100 to 539 nm out.
AIRMET TANGO 1W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft from 14,000 ft to 18,000 ft, from 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 110 to 249 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 1E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist), from 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 259 to 828 nm out.
AIRMET ZULU 1C: moderate icing up to 22,000 ft, from 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 329 to 838 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 11E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist), from 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC). Near the route, 379 nm along the route.
AIRMET TANGO 2W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft (due to mountain wave) up to 22,000 ft, from 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 539 to 718 nm out.
AIRMET TANGO 1W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 24,000 ft to 36,000 ft, from 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 549 to 1038 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 2E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist), from 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC). Near the route, 758 nm along the route.
AIRMET SIERRA 9E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist), from 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC). Over the route from 818 to 1028 nm out.

Turbulence AIRMET in force: moderate turbulence from 18,000 ft to 39,000 ft, over the route from 100 to 539 nm out; AIRMET in force: moderate turbulence from 14,000 ft to 18,000 ft, over the route from 110 to 249 nm out. No pilot has reported turbulence near the line in the last three hours. The government's turbulence forecast map ↗

Icing AIRMET in force: moderate icing up to 22,000 ft, over the route from 329 to 838 nm out. A pilot reported no icing, at 4,800 ft, 44 nm north, 3:00 am PDT (10:00 UTC). The freezing level is about 11,000 ft (from the winds-aloft temperatures), so icing is possible in cloud above that. The government's icing forecast map ↗

A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from SFO.

Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first

B763 at 2,000 ft, 47 nm north, 3:26 am PDT (10:26 UTC): overcast from 2,700 ft to 3,300 ft, remarks: during the descent. 1217 nm along the route, 47 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
FSD UA /OV KFSD/TM 1026/FL020/TP B763/SK OVC027-TOP033/RM DURD
```
Report
a routine report filed through FSD
Where
over KFSD
Time
10:26 UTC
Height
at 2,000 ft
Aircraft
B763
Sky
overcast from 2,700 ft, tops 3,300 ft
Remarks
during the descent
BE20 at 4,800 ft, 44 nm north, 3:00 am PDT (10:00 UTC): no icing. 1397 nm along the route, 44 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
RST UA /OV RST/TM 1000/FL048/TP BE20/SK TOP048/SKC ABV/IC NEG
```
Report
a routine report filed through RST
Where
over RST
Time
10:00 UTC
Height
at 4,800 ft
Aircraft
BE20
Sky
TOP048 C above
Icing
none

Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 08:00–15:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed

The eastbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: odd thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 13 forecast points nearest it (SFO, SAC, RNO, BAM, ELY, SLC, RKS, BFF, ONL, FSD, MCW, LSE, DBQ). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.

Height	Average wind	Head- or tailwind	Temperature	Ground speed	Time en route	Arrival
5,500 ft	290° at 5 kt	−4 kt	14 °C	124 kt	12 h 23 min	6:03 pm CDT (23:03 UTC)
7,500 ft	270° at 9 kt	−8 kt	8 °C	128 kt	12 h	5:40 pm CDT (22:40 UTC)
9,500 ft	270° at 13 kt	−12 kt	3 °C	132 kt	11 h 38 min	5:18 pm CDT (22:18 UTC)
11,500 ft	260° at 13 kt	−12 kt	-1 °C	132 kt	11 h 38 min	5:18 pm CDT (22:18 UTC)
13,500 ft	260° at 15 kt	−14 kt	-5 °C	134 kt	11 h 28 min	5:08 pm CDT (22:08 UTC)
15,500 ft	250° at 18 kt	−17 kt	-10 °C	137 kt	11 h 13 min	4:53 pm CDT (21:53 UTC)
17,500 ft	250° at 20 kt	−19 kt	-14 °C	139 kt	11 h 03 min	4:43 pm CDT (21:43 UTC)
18,000 ft FL180	250° at 21 kt	−20 kt	-15 °C	140 kt	10 h 58 min	4:38 pm CDT (21:38 UTC)
24,000 ft FL240	260° at 34 kt	−32 kt	-25 °C	152 kt	10 h 06 min	3:46 pm CDT (20:46 UTC)
30,000 ft FL300	250° at 58 kt	−55 kt	-34 °C	175 kt	8 h 47 min	2:27 pm CDT (19:27 UTC)
34,000 ft FL340	250° at 62 kt	−59 kt	-40 °C	179 kt	8 h 35 min	2:15 pm CDT (19:15 UTC)
39,000 ft FL390	250° at 59 kt	−57 kt	-46 °C	177 kt	8 h 41 min	2:21 pm CDT (19:21 UTC)

Based on data from the 13th at 06:00 UTC; valid on the 13th at 12:00 UTC for use 08:00 to 15:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.

The forecast points as issued

Point	From	3,000	6,000	9,000	12,000	18,000	24,000	30,000	34,000	39,000
SFO	used from 0 nm out; 25 nm from the line	360/13	010/17 5°	350/26 4°	350/42 2°	340/51 -11°	340/59 -23°	330/69 -39°	330/67 -49°	330/71 -55°
SAC	used from 50 nm out; 37 nm from the line	350/16	350/30 5°	340/32 1°	350/45 -2°	340/63 -12°	340/67 -23°	340/73 -39°	330/76 -49°	330/72 -55°
RNO	used from 100 nm out; 66 nm from the line		010/9	030/15 -7°	030/21 -11°	360/56 -18°	350/99 -22°	340/95 -39°	340/85 -46°	350/40 -45°
BAM	used from 249 nm out; 80 nm from the line			010/19 -6°	050/10 -11°	080/20 -25°	080/31 -34°	010/28 -33°	360/27 -37°	340/15 -42°
ELY	used from 299 nm out; 52 nm from the line			340/15 -5°	L/V -10°	210/18 -23°	220/28 -38°	230/29 -33°	260/22 -36°	240/19 -41°
SLC	used from 449 nm out; 48 nm from the line		250/5	190/12 -1°	180/13 -6°	180/19 -20°	190/41 -31°	200/62 -38°	210/51 -41°	210/39 -42°
RKS	used from 599 nm out; 45 nm from the line			220/14	200/16 -3°	200/39 -16°	220/51 -25°	210/64 -40°	210/73 -42°	210/80 -43°
BFF	used from 798 nm out; 79 nm from the line		110/11	240/19 9°	220/29 3°	230/34 -13°	230/57 -25°	220/109 -31°	220/125 -38°	220/123 -48°
ONL	used from 998 nm out; 101 nm from the line		150/16 14°	230/21 12°	240/23 4°	240/44 -11°	250/66 -23°	240/109 -29°	240/109 -37°	250/104 -48°
FSD	used from 1197 nm out; 48 nm from the line	360/17	300/14 15°	240/25 10°	260/30 3°	250/29 -13°	250/47 -22°	250/107 -29°	250/111 -36°	250/101 -48°
MCW	used from 1297 nm out; 41 nm from the line	330/20	280/29 18°	280/36 10°	280/36 4°	260/35 -12°	260/52 -20°	270/91 -29°	270/96 -37°	270/88 -48°
LSE	used from 1397 nm out; 57 nm from the line	320/25	280/36 15°	280/39 11°	280/44 4°	270/46 -11°	270/54 -19°	280/83 -29°	280/94 -38°	280/93 -49°
DBQ	used from 1447 nm out; 43 nm from the line	300/20	270/37 18°	280/37 11°	280/38 3°	260/50 -10°	270/53 -20°	280/78 -29°	280/82 -37°	290/85 -49°

The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch

Airport	Where	Conditions	Wind	Visibility	Ceiling	Elevation	Reported
SFO San Francisco, CA	departure	VFR Sky: a few clouds at 800 feet	from the northwest (310°) at 5 knots	10+ mi	none	13 ft	2:56 am PDT (09:56 UTC)
LVK Livermore, CA	30 nm out, 7 nm south of the line, tower	VFR	from the east-northeast (060°) at 4 knots	10+ mi	none	399 ft	09:53 UTC
GAB Gabbs, NV	219 nm out, 5 nm southeast of the line	no report just now				4,699 ft
SLC Salt Lake City, UT	519 nm out, 16 nm north of the line, tower	VFR Sky: scattered clouds at 2,300 feet, a broken layer at 4,400 feet, overcast at 6,000 feet Weather: light rain	from the north (350°) at 3 knots	10+ mi	4,400 ft	4,230 ft	10:29 UTC
SAA Saratoga, WY	758 nm out, 6 nm southwest of the line	VFR Sky: scattered clouds at 5,000 feet, scattered clouds at 12,000 feet	calm	10+ mi	none	7,014 ft	10:10 UTC
GUR Guernsey, WY	858 nm out, 23 nm north of the line, tower	IFR Sky: overcast at 600 feet	from the east-southeast (120°) at 6 knots	10+ mi	600 ft	4,401 ft	09:55 UTC
AIA Alliance, NE	938 nm out, 5 nm south of the line	IFR Sky: overcast at 900 feet Weather: mist	from the northeast (040°) at 9 knots	5 mi	900 ft	3,930 ft	10:33 UTC
RBE Bassett, NE	1087 nm out, 3 nm northwest of the line	no report just now				2,349 ft
LRJ Le Mars, IA	1237 nm out, 4 nm southwest of the line	marginal VFR Sky: overcast at 1,600 feet	from the north-northwest (330°) at 7 knots	10+ mi	1,600 ft	1,197 ft	10:35 UTC
OVS Boscobel, WI	1477 nm out, 3 nm northeast of the line	VFR	from the west (270°) at 7 knots, gusting to 18	10+ mi	none	672 ft	09:53 UTC
MSN Madison, WI	destination	VFR	variable at 5 knots	10+ mi	none	886 ft	4:53 am CDT (09:53 UTC)

The highest airport on this list sits at 7,014 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.

The codes as issued, and in English, for every airport in the table

SFO San Francisco, CA

the observation and the forecast as issued, and in English

METAR KSFO 130956Z 31005KT 10SM FEW008 13/11 A3001 RMK AO2 SLP160 T01330111 $

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KSFO: the station, KSFO
130956Z: observed 2:56 am PDT (09:56 UTC)
31005KT: wind from the northwest at 5 knots
10SM: visibility 10 miles
FEW008: a few clouds at 800 feet
13/11: temperature 13 °C (55 °F), dew point 11 °C (52 °F)
A3001: altimeter setting 30.01 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
SLP160: sea-level pressure 1016.0 hPa
T01330111: temperature 13.3 °C (56 °F), dew point 11.1 °C (52 °F)
$: the station needs maintenance

TAF KSFO 130831Z 1309/1412 23005KT P6SM FEW009 FM132000 32011KT P6SM SKC FM140400 28006KT P6SM SKC

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KSFO: the station, KSFO
130831Z: issued 1:31 am PDT (08:31 UTC)
1309/1412 23005KT P6SM FEW009: valid from Tue 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC) to Wed 5:00 am PDT (12:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 900 feet
FM132000 32011KT P6SM SKC: from Tue 1:00 pm PDT (20:00 UTC): wind from the northwest at 11 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
FM140400 28006KT P6SM SKC: from Tue 9:00 pm PDT (04:00 UTC): wind from the west at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies

LVK Livermore, CA

the observation and the forecast as issued, and in English

METAR KLVK 130953Z AUTO 06004KT 10SM CLR 08/05 A3001 RMK AO2 SLP160 T00830050

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KLVK: the station, KLVK
130953Z: observed 09:53 UTC on the 13th
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
06004KT: wind from the east-northeast at 4 knots
10SM: visibility 10 miles
CLR: clear skies
08/05: temperature 8 °C (46 °F), dew point 5 °C (41 °F)
A3001: altimeter setting 30.01 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
SLP160: sea-level pressure 1016.0 hPa
T00830050: temperature 8.3 °C (47 °F), dew point 5 °C (41 °F)

TAF KLVK 130520Z 1306/1406 VRB03KT P6SM SKC FM132100 35008KT P6SM SKC FM140300 20005KT P6SM SKC

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KLVK: the station, KLVK
130520Z: issued 05:20 UTC on the 13th
1306/1406 VRB03KT P6SM SKC: valid from Tue 06:00 UTC to Wed 06:00 UTC: wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
FM132100 35008KT P6SM SKC: from Tue 21:00 UTC: wind from the north at 8 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
FM140300 20005KT P6SM SKC: from Wed 03:00 UTC: wind from the south-southwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies

SLC Salt Lake City, UT

the observation and the forecast as issued, and in English

SPECI KSLC 131029Z 35003KT 10SM -RA SCT023 BKN044 OVC060 08/07 A2987 RMK AO2 P0001 T00830067 $

SPECI: a special observation, issued because the weather changed
KSLC: the station, KSLC
131029Z: observed 10:29 UTC on the 13th
35003KT: wind from the north at 3 knots
10SM: visibility 10 miles
-RA: light rain
SCT023: scattered clouds at 2,300 feet
BKN044: a broken layer at 4,400 feet
OVC060: overcast at 6,000 feet
08/07: temperature 8 °C (46 °F), dew point 7 °C (45 °F)
A2987: altimeter setting 29.87 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
P0001: 0.01 inches of precipitation in the last hour
T00830067: temperature 8.3 °C (47 °F), dew point 6.7 °C (44 °F)
$: the station needs maintenance

TAF KSLC 130902Z 1309/1412 34005KT P6SM -SHRA FEW015 BKN035 OVC050 FM131000 15005KT P6SM -SHRA SCT007 BKN020 OVC030 FM131600 31008KT P6SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC035 FM132100 34009KT P6SM -SHRA FEW030 OVC040

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KSLC: the station, KSLC
130902Z: issued 09:02 UTC on the 13th
1309/1412 34005KT P6SM -SHRA FEW015 BKN035 OVC050: valid from Tue 09:00 UTC to Wed 12:00 UTC: wind from the north-northwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, light rain showers, a few clouds at 1,500 feet, a broken layer at 3,500 feet, overcast at 5,000 feet
FM131000 15005KT P6SM -SHRA SCT007 BKN020 OVC030: from Tue 10:00 UTC: wind from the south-southeast at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, light rain showers, scattered clouds at 700 feet, a broken layer at 2,000 feet, overcast at 3,000 feet
FM131600 31008KT P6SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC035: from Tue 16:00 UTC: wind from the northwest at 8 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, light rain showers, a broken layer at 2,000 feet, overcast at 3,500 feet
FM132100 34009KT P6SM -SHRA FEW030 OVC040: from Tue 21:00 UTC: wind from the north-northwest at 9 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, light rain showers, a few clouds at 3,000 feet, overcast at 4,000 feet

SAA Saratoga, WY

the observation as issued, and in English

METAR KSAA 131010Z AUTO 00000KT 10SM SCT050 SCT120 06/06 A2996 RMK AO2

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KSAA: the station, KSAA
131010Z: observed 10:10 UTC on the 13th
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
00000KT: wind calm
10SM: visibility 10 miles
SCT050: scattered clouds at 5,000 feet
SCT120: scattered clouds at 12,000 feet
06/06: temperature 6 °C (43 °F), dew point 6 °C (43 °F)
A2996: altimeter setting 29.96 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor

GUR Guernsey, WY

the observation and the forecast as issued, and in English

METAR KGUR 130955Z AUTO 12006KT 10SM OVC006 08/07 A2995 RMK AO2 SLP137 T00790067

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KGUR: the station, KGUR
130955Z: observed 09:55 UTC on the 13th
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
12006KT: wind from the east-southeast at 6 knots
10SM: visibility 10 miles
OVC006: overcast at 600 feet
08/07: temperature 8 °C (46 °F), dew point 7 °C (45 °F)
A2995: altimeter setting 29.95 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
SLP137: sea-level pressure 1013.7 hPa
T00790067: temperature 7.9 °C (46 °F), dew point 6.7 °C (44 °F)

TAF KGUR 130500Z 1305/1411 07005KT 9999 SCT070 BKN100 QNH2993INS BECMG 1311/1312 13006KT 9000 BR OVC005 QNH2996INS BECMG 1314/1315 13006KT 9999 NSW SCT020 BKN050 QNH2998INS BECMG 1401/1402 VRB06KT 9999 -RA BKN040 OVC055 QNH3002INS TX16/1323Z TN06/1313Z

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KGUR: the station, KGUR
130500Z: issued 05:00 UTC on the 13th
1305/1411 07005KT 9999 SCT070 BKN100 QNH2993INS: valid from Tue 05:00 UTC to Wed 11:00 UTC: wind from the east-northeast at 5 knots, 9999, scattered clouds at 7,000 feet, a broken layer at 10,000 feet, lowest altimeter setting expected 29.93 inches
BECMG 1311/1312 13006KT 9000 BR OVC005 QNH2996INS: becoming from Tue 11:00 UTC to Tue 12:00 UTC: wind from the southeast at 6 knots, 9000, mist, overcast at 500 feet, lowest altimeter setting expected 29.96 inches
BECMG 1314/1315 13006KT 9999 NSW SCT020 BKN050 QNH2998INS: becoming from Tue 14:00 UTC to Tue 15:00 UTC: wind from the southeast at 6 knots, 9999, no significant weather, scattered clouds at 2,000 feet, a broken layer at 5,000 feet, lowest altimeter setting expected 29.98 inches
BECMG 1401/1402 VRB06KT 9999 -RA BKN040 OVC055 QNH3002INS TX16/1323Z TN06/1313Z: becoming from Wed 01:00 UTC to Wed 02:00 UTC: wind light and variable, 9999, light rain, a broken layer at 4,000 feet, overcast at 5,500 feet, lowest altimeter setting expected 30.02 inches, tx16/1323z, tn06/1313z

AIA Alliance, NE

the observation and the forecast as issued, and in English

SPECI KAIA 131033Z AUTO 04009KT 5SM BR OVC009 06/04 A2997 RMK AO2 T00560044

SPECI: a special observation, issued because the weather changed
KAIA: the station, KAIA
131033Z: observed 10:33 UTC on the 13th
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
04009KT: wind from the northeast at 9 knots
5SM: visibility 5 miles
BR: mist
OVC009: overcast at 900 feet
06/04: temperature 6 °C (43 °F), dew point 4 °C (39 °F)
A2997: altimeter setting 29.97 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
T00560044: temperature 5.6 °C (42 °F), dew point 4.4 °C (40 °F)

TAF KAIA 130520Z 1306/1406 05006KT P6SM VCFG OVC015 FM130800 08006KT P6SM VCFG OVC008 FM131500 VRB06KT P6SM BKN015 FM132000 06010KT P6SM SCT050

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KAIA: the station, KAIA
130520Z: issued 05:20 UTC on the 13th
1306/1406 05006KT P6SM VCFG OVC015: valid from Tue 06:00 UTC to Wed 06:00 UTC: wind from the northeast at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, fog nearby, overcast at 1,500 feet
FM130800 08006KT P6SM VCFG OVC008: from Tue 08:00 UTC: wind from the east at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, fog nearby, overcast at 800 feet
FM131500 VRB06KT P6SM BKN015: from Tue 15:00 UTC: wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, a broken layer at 1,500 feet
FM132000 06010KT P6SM SCT050: from Tue 20:00 UTC: wind from the east-northeast at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 5,000 feet

LRJ Le Mars, IA

the observation as issued, and in English

METAR KLRJ 131035Z AUTO 33007KT 10SM OVC016 A2990 RMK AO2

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KLRJ: the station, KLRJ
131035Z: observed 10:35 UTC on the 13th
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
33007KT: wind from the north-northwest at 7 knots
10SM: visibility 10 miles
OVC016: overcast at 1,600 feet
A2990: altimeter setting 29.90 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor

OVS Boscobel, WI

the observation as issued, and in English

METAR KOVS 130953Z AUTO 27007G18KT 10SM CLR 17/13 A2978 RMK AO2 SLP082 T01670133

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KOVS: the station, KOVS
130953Z: observed 09:53 UTC on the 13th
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
27007G18KT: wind from the west at 7 knots, gusting to 18
10SM: visibility 10 miles
CLR: clear skies
17/13: temperature 17 °C (63 °F), dew point 13 °C (55 °F)
A2978: altimeter setting 29.78 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
SLP082: sea-level pressure 1008.2 hPa
T01670133: temperature 16.7 °C (62 °F), dew point 13.3 °C (56 °F)

MSN Madison, WI

the observation and the forecast as issued, and in English

METAR KMSN 130953Z AUTO VRB05KT 10SM CLR 21/16 A2971 RMK AO2 SLP053 T02060161 $

METAR: a routine hourly observation
KMSN: the station, KMSN
130953Z: observed 4:53 am CDT (09:53 UTC)
AUTO: fully automated report, nobody checked it
VRB05KT: wind light and variable
10SM: visibility 10 miles
CLR: clear skies
21/16: temperature 21 °C (70 °F), dew point 16 °C (61 °F)
A2971: altimeter setting 29.71 inches of mercury
RMK: remarks follow
AO2: automated station with a precipitation sensor
SLP053: sea-level pressure 1005.3 hPa
T02060161: temperature 20.6 °C (69 °F), dew point 16.1 °C (61 °F)
$: the station needs maintenance

TAF KMSN 130520Z 1306/1406 23010KT P6SM SKC WS020/25045KT FM130900 30010KT P6SM FEW250 FM140000 00000KT P6SM SCT100

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KMSN: the station, KMSN
130520Z: issued 12:20 am CDT (05:20 UTC)
1306/1406 23010KT P6SM SKC WS020/25045KT: valid from Tue 1:00 am CDT (06:00 UTC) to Wed 1:00 am CDT (06:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies, wind shear below 2,000 feet: wind from 250° at 45 knots above it
FM130900 30010KT P6SM FEW250: from Tue 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC): wind from the west-northwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
FM140000 00000KT P6SM SCT100: from Tue 7:00 pm CDT (00:00 UTC): wind calm, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 10,000 feet

At MSN when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 2:15 pm CDT (19:15 UTC)

Wind from the west-northwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet VFR

The whole forecast for MSN

From Tue 1:00 am CDT (06:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, low-level wind shear, clear skies
From Tue 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC): wind from the west-northwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
From Tue 7:00 pm CDT (00:00 UTC): wind calm, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 10,000 feet

The forecast for SFO, the departure

From Tue 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 900 feet
From Tue 1:00 pm PDT (20:00 UTC): wind from the northwest at 11 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
From Tue 9:00 pm PDT (04:00 UTC): wind from the west at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies

MSN:

the forecast as issued, and in English

TAF KMSN 130520Z 1306/1406 23010KT P6SM SKC WS020/25045KT FM130900 30010KT P6SM FEW250 FM140000 00000KT P6SM SCT100

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KMSN: the station, KMSN
130520Z: issued 12:20 am CDT (05:20 UTC)
1306/1406 23010KT P6SM SKC WS020/25045KT: valid from Tue 1:00 am CDT (06:00 UTC) to Wed 1:00 am CDT (06:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies, wind shear below 2,000 feet: wind from 250° at 45 knots above it
FM130900 30010KT P6SM FEW250: from Tue 4:00 am CDT (09:00 UTC): wind from the west-northwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
FM140000 00000KT P6SM SCT100: from Tue 7:00 pm CDT (00:00 UTC): wind calm, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 10,000 feet

SFO:

the forecast as issued, and in English

TAF KSFO 130831Z 1309/1412 23005KT P6SM FEW009 FM132000 32011KT P6SM SKC FM140400 28006KT P6SM SKC

TAF: a terminal aerodrome forecast: the weather expected at the airport, usually for the next 24 or 30 hours
KSFO: the station, KSFO
130831Z: issued 1:31 am PDT (08:31 UTC)
1309/1412 23005KT P6SM FEW009: valid from Tue 2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC) to Wed 5:00 am PDT (12:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 900 feet
FM132000 32011KT P6SM SKC: from Tue 1:00 pm PDT (20:00 UTC): wind from the northwest at 11 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
FM140400 28006KT P6SM SKC: from Tue 9:00 pm PDT (04:00 UTC): wind from the west at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies

Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it

No temporary flight restriction on or near this route right now.

Notices to air missions closures and things out of service at both ends; airspace, navigation aids and obstructions near the line

SFO: 125 notices in force, 1 starting within a week. all of them, grouped →

closed Taxiway A between taxiway Q1 and taxiway K closed until Tue 13 Oct, 5:00 am PDT (12:00 UTC) · SFO 10/119
as issued
```
!SFO 10/119 SFO TWY A BTN TWY Q1 AND TWY K CLSD 2610131000-2610131200
```
closed Taxiway L between runway 10L/28R and runway 10R/28L closed until Tue 13 Oct, 8:00 am PDT (15:00 UTC) · SFO 10/117
as issued
```
!SFO 10/117 SFO TWY L BTN RWY 10L/28R AND RWY 10R/28L CLSD 2610130700-2610131500
```
closed Taxiway F between taxiway B and taxiway L closed until Thu 19 Nov, 11:59 pm PST (07:59 UTC) · SFO 09/287
as issued
```
!SFO 09/287 SFO TWY F BTN TWY B AND TWY L CLSD 2609260720-2611200759
```
closed Taxiway L between runway 10R/28L and taxiway F closed until Thu 19 Nov, 11:59 pm PST (07:59 UTC) · SFO 09/276
as issued
```
!SFO 09/276 SFO TWY L BTN RWY 10R/28L AND TWY F CLSD 2609251059-2611200759
```

MSN: 18 notices in force. all of them, grouped →

Airports along the way: LVK airport closed · SLC runway 14/32 closed · AIA runway 08/26 closed runway 17/35 closed

118 notices near the line, the first 30 (airspace and special activity within 25 nm, navigation aids within 25 nm, obstructions within 5 nm):

Navigation aid VOR/DME out of service until Fri 30 Oct, 4:00 pm PDT (23:00 UTC) · 0 nm along the route, 16 nm off the line · SAU 10/065
as issued
```
!OAK 10/065 SAU NAV VOR/DME U/S 2610071445-2610302300
```
Navigation aid ILS runway 30 category III not authorized until Fri 16 Oct, 4:59 pm PDT (23:59 UTC), estimated · 10 nm along the route, 3 nm off the line · OAK 10/041
as issued
```
!OAK 10/041 OAK NAV ILS RWY 30 CAT III NA 2610042144-2610162359EST
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1015766) 37°37′N 122°07′W (1.7 nautical miles SSW HWD) 236.9FT (230.0FT above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 3:59 pm PST (23:59 UTC) · 10 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · HWD 08/030
as issued
```
!HWD 08/030 HWD OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1015766) 373756.00N1220755.00W (1.7NM SSW HWD) 236.9FT (230.0FT AGL) U/S 2608191823-2611192359
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1015765) 37°37′N 122°07′W (1.6 nautical miles SSW HWD) 236.9FT (230.0FT above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 3:59 pm PST (23:59 UTC) · 10 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · HWD 08/029
as issued
```
!HWD 08/029 HWD OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1015765) 373757.00N1220751.00W (1.6NM SSW HWD) 236.9FT (230.0FT AGL) U/S 2608191823-2611192359
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1015764) 37°37′N 122°07′W (1.6 nautical miles SSW HWD) 236.9FT (230.0FT above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 3:59 pm PST (23:59 UTC) · 10 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · HWD 08/028
as issued
```
!HWD 08/028 HWD OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1015764) 373759.00N1220752.00W (1.6NM SSW HWD) 236.9FT (230.0FT AGL) U/S 2608191823-2611192359
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1015763) 37°37′N 122°07′W (1.6 nautical miles SSW HWD) 236.9FT (230.0FT above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 3:59 pm PST (23:59 UTC) · 10 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · HWD 08/027
as issued
```
!HWD 08/027 HWD OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1015763) 373758.00N1220756.00W (1.6NM SSW HWD) 236.9FT (230.0FT AGL) U/S 2608191822-2611192359
```
Navigation aid VOR/DME out of service until Fri 30 Oct, 1:00 pm PDT (20:00 UTC), estimated · 20 nm along the route, 18 nm off the line · CCR 08/029
as issued
```
!CCR 08/029 CCR NAV VOR/DME U/S 2608202252-2610302000EST
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1014626) 37°52′N 121°55′W (9.3 nautical miles southeast CCR) 3900.9FT (299.9FT above ground level) out of service until Mon 9 Nov, 2:05 pm PST (22:05 UTC) · 30 nm along the route, 7 nm off the line · CCR 09/028
as issued
```
!CCR 09/028 CCR OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1014626) 375254.20N1215508.80W (9.3NM SE CCR) 3900.9FT (299.9FT AGL) U/S 2609252206-2611092205
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1014924) 37°58′N 121°13′W (5.3 nautical miles north SCK) 239 ft (206 ft above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 2:22 pm PST (22:22 UTC), estimated · 60 nm along the route, 1 nm off the line · SCK 10/005
as issued
```
!SCK 10/005 SCK OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1014924) 375856.00N1211346.00W (5.3NM N SCK) 239FT (206FT AGL) U/S 2610051625-2611192222EST
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1014924) 37°58′N 121°13′W (5.3 nautical miles northeast SCK) 238.2FT (205.1FT above ground level) out of service until Thu 15 Oct, 6:51 am PDT (13:51 UTC) · 60 nm along the route, 1 nm off the line · SCK 08/048
as issued
```
!SCK 08/048 SCK OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1014924) 375856.00N1211346.00W (5.3NM NE SCK) 238.2FT (205.1FT AGL) U/S 2608311352-2610151351
```
Navigation aid localizer Type Directional AID runway 18 DME/LOC out of service until Fri 30 Oct, 1:00 pm PDT (20:00 UTC), estimated · 130 nm along the route, 29 nm off the line · TVL 04/055
as issued
```
!TVL 04/055 TVL NAV LOC TYPE DIRECTIONAL AID RWY 18 DME/LOC U/S 2604302129-2610302000EST
```
Navigation aid TACAN azimuth out of service until Thu 22 Oct, 1:00 pm PDT (20:00 UTC) · 210 nm along the route, 23 nm off the line · MVA 10/069
as issued
```
!RNO 10/069 MVA NAV TACAN AZM U/S 2610130457-2610222000
```
Obstruction Power line lights (ASN 2012-ANM-448-OE) 40°30′N 112°17′W (7.3 nautical miles SSE TVY) 5,814 ft (185 ft above ground level) out of service until Sat 21 Nov, 10:04 pm PST (06:04 UTC) · 499 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · TVY 10/089
as issued
```
!CDC 10/089 TVY OBST POWER LINE LGT (ASN 2012-ANM-448-OE) 403008N1121712W (7.3NM SSE TVY) 5814FT (185FT AGL) U/S 2610081109-2611220604
```
Obstruction wind Turbine lights (ASN 2009-WTW-4570-OE) 40°30′N 112°22′W (6.8 nautical miles south TVY) 5,234 ft (388 ft above ground level) out of service until Tue 13 Oct, 11:00 am PDT (18:00 UTC) · 499 nm along the route, 5 nm off the line · TVY 10/053
as issued
```
!CDC 10/053 TVY OBST WIND TURBINE LGT (ASN 2009-WTW-4570-OE) 403005N1122236W (6.8NM S TVY) 5234FT (388FT AGL) U/S 2610052118-2610131800
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASN 2012-ANM-447-OE) 40°30′N 112°17′W (7.1 nautical miles south TVY) 5,777 ft (185 ft above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 2:13 pm PST (22:13 UTC), estimated · 499 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · TVY 10/048
as issued
```
!CDC 10/048 TVY OBST TOWER LGT (ASN 2012-ANM-447-OE) 403009N1121729W (7.1NM S TVY) 5777FT (185FT AGL) U/S 2610051617-2611192213EST
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASN 2012-ANM-448-OE) 40°30′N 112°17′W (7.2 nautical miles southeast TVY) 5,814 ft (185 ft above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 1:38 pm PST (21:38 UTC), estimated · 499 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · TVY 10/045
as issued
```
!CDC 10/045 TVY OBST TOWER LGT (ASN 2012-ANM-448-OE) 403008N1121712W (7.2NM SE TVY) 5814FT (185FT AGL) U/S 2610051542-2611192138EST
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASN 2012-ANM-443-OE) 40°31′N 112°15′W (7.2 nautical miles southeast TVY) 6,310 ft (155 ft above ground level) out of service until Thu 19 Nov, 1:38 pm PST (21:38 UTC), estimated · 499 nm along the route, 6 nm off the line · TVY 10/046
as issued
```
!CDC 10/046 TVY OBST TOWER LGT (ASN 2012-ANM-443-OE) 403107N1121510W (7.2NM SE TVY) 6310FT (155FT AGL) U/S 2610051542-2611192138EST
```
Obstruction Power line lights (ASN 2012-ANM-447-OE) 40°30′N 112°17′W (7.2 nautical miles SSE TVY) 5,777 ft (185 ft above ground level) out of service until Sat 14 Nov, 1:40 am PST (09:40 UTC) · 499 nm along the route, 4 nm off the line · TVY 09/328
as issued
```
!CDC 09/328 TVY OBST POWER LINE LGT (ASN 2012-ANM-447-OE) 403009N1121729W (7.2NM SSE TVY) 5777FT (185FT AGL) U/S 2609300946-2611140940
```
Obstruction Power line lights (ASN 2012-ANM-443-OE) 40°31′N 112°15′W (7.2 nautical miles southeast TVY) 6,310 ft (155 ft above ground level) out of service until Sun 18 Oct, 11:04 pm PDT (06:04 UTC) · 499 nm along the route, 6 nm off the line · TVY 09/032
as issued
```
!CDC 09/032 TVY OBST POWER LINE LGT (ASN 2012-ANM-443-OE) 403108N1121510W (7.2NM SE TVY) 6310FT (155FT AGL) U/S 2609041111-2610190604
```
Navigation aid ILS runway 35 out of service daily 6:00 am PDT to 4:59 pm PDT until Sat 17 Oct, 4:59 pm PDT (23:59 UTC) · Daily:1300-2359~DLY 6:00 am PDT to 4:59 pm PDT · 519 nm along the route, 15 nm off the line · SLC 10/063
as issued
```
!SLC 10/063 SLC NAV ILS RWY 35 U/S DLY 1300-2359 2610121300-2610172359
```
Navigation aid ILS runway 17 out of service daily 6:00 am PDT to 4:59 pm PDT until Sat 17 Oct, 4:59 pm PDT (23:59 UTC) · Daily:1300-2359~DLY 6:00 am PDT to 4:59 pm PDT · 519 nm along the route, 16 nm off the line · SLC 10/062
as issued
```
!SLC 10/062 SLC NAV ILS RWY 17 U/S DLY 1300-2359 2610121300-2610172359
```
Navigation aid VOR out of service until Fri 29 Jan, 12:00 pm PST (20:00 UTC), estimated · 519 nm along the route, 20 nm off the line · PVU 09/110
as issued
```
!PVU 09/110 PVU NAV VOR U/S 2609251759-2701292000EST
```
Navigation aid ILS runway 16L inner marker out of service until Tue 12 Oct 2027, 2:11 pm PDT (21:11 UTC), estimated · 519 nm along the route, 16 nm off the line · SLC 02/212
as issued
```
!SLC 02/212 SLC NAV ILS RWY 16L IM U/S 2602201324-2710122111EST
```
Navigation aid ILS runway 34R inner marker out of service until Thu 30 Sep 2027, 2:11 pm PDT (21:11 UTC), estimated · 519 nm along the route, 16 nm off the line · SLC 02/200
as issued
```
!SLC 02/200 SLC NAV ILS RWY 34R IM U/S 2602191246-2709302111EST
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1304315) 41°27′N 106°49′W (0.7 nautical miles northeast SAA) 7,004 ft (156 ft above ground level) out of service until Mon 26 Oct, 4:59 pm PDT (23:59 UTC) · 758 nm along the route, 5 nm off the line · SAA 08/039
as issued
```
!CPR 08/039 SAA OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1304315) 412705.48N1064901.36W (0.7NM NE SAA) 7004FT (156FT AGL) U/S 2608132026-2610262359
```
Obstruction wind Turbine lights (ASN 2020-WTW-5255-OE) 41°47′N 106°04′W (7.1 nautical miles southeast 80V) 7,164 ft (262 ft above ground level) out of service until Sun 29 Nov, 10:04 pm PST (06:04 UTC) · 788 nm along the route, 9 nm off the line · 80V 09/032
as issued
```
!CPR 09/032 80V OBST WIND TURBINE LGT (ASN 2020-WTW-5255-OE) 414749N1060439W (7.1NM SE 80V) 7164FT (262FT AGL) U/S 2609081130-2611300604
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1292759) 41°58′N 103°56′W (11.3 nautical miles ESE TOR) 4240.2FT (246.1FT above ground level) out of service until Sat 7 Nov, 9:00 am PST (17:00 UTC), estimated · 888 nm along the route, 1 nm off the line · TOR 10/001
as issued
```
!TOR 10/001 TOR OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1292759) 415803.60N1035607.10W (11.3NM ESE TOR) 4240.2FT (246.1FT AGL) U/S 2610090124-2611071700EST
```
Obstruction tower lights (ASR 1208646) 41°55′N 103°51′W (12.3 nautical miles WNW BFF) 4478.7FT (343.8FT above ground level) out of service until Wed 2 Dec, 9:48 pm PST (05:48 UTC) · 888 nm along the route, 5 nm off the line · BFF 08/004
as issued
```
!BFF 08/004 BFF OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1208646) 415505.80N1035150.90W (12.3NM WNW BFF) 4478.7FT (343.8FT AGL) U/S 2608050548-2612030548
```
Navigation aid ILS runway 30 DME out of service until Fri 30 Oct, 1:00 pm PDT (20:00 UTC), estimated · 898 nm along the route, 10 nm off the line · BFF 08/028
as issued
```
!BFF 08/028 BFF NAV ILS RWY 30 DME U/S 2608260609-2610302000EST
```
Navigation aid VOR out of service until Fri 13 Nov, 1:11 pm PST (21:11 UTC), estimated · 1028 nm along the route, 25 nm off the line · TDD 05/004
as issued
```
!TIF 05/004 TDD NAV VOR U/S 2605131929-2611132111EST
```

From the FAA's notice service (NOTAMs), the site's copy refreshed every few minutes; last checked 2 minutes ago. The FAA has so far issued eFlight its test feed, which misses some notices (checked against the FAA's own search on 12 October: about a third missing at Santa Barbara and Burbank, none at Atlanta or Las Vegas); the request for the full feed is with the FAA. Times are local to the field. This is for planning; the legal briefing comes from Flight Service or the FAA's own tools.

Daylight

Sunset at SFO 6:33 pm PDT (01:33 UTC), at MSN 6:18 pm CDT (23:18 UTC) (civil twilight ends 6:46 pm CDT (23:46 UTC)).

Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times.

The wind over the route live wind map, from Windy.com · drag the time bar for the coming hours; the level menu changes the height

Colours show wind speed, the moving lines its direction, at the surface unless you pick a height. Map and forecast by Windy.com; a second opinion beside the government's winds-aloft table above.

Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads · the turbulence and icing forecasts: turbulence ↗ · icing ↗

Radar now, the Pacific Southwest · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the southern Rockies · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the northern Rockies · loop National Weather Service

Aviation forecast, clouds and visibility, the Southwest, 6 hours ahead · on the government's site ↗ Aviation Weather Center (NOAA) · cloud cover and bases, visibility, and the areas of low cloud or poor visibility

Aviation forecast, surface weather, the Southwest, 6 hours ahead · on the government's site ↗ Aviation Weather Center (NOAA) · surface winds, weather, thunderstorms, and the AIRMET boxes for turbulence, icing and strong winds

Aviation forecast, clouds and visibility, the Northwest, 6 hours ahead · on the government's site ↗ Aviation Weather Center (NOAA) · cloud cover and bases, visibility, and the areas of low cloud or poor visibility

Aviation forecast, surface weather, the Northwest, 6 hours ahead · on the government's site ↗ Aviation Weather Center (NOAA) · surface winds, weather, thunderstorms, and the AIRMET boxes for turbulence, icing and strong winds

Aviation forecast, clouds and visibility, the north-central states, 6 hours ahead · on the government's site ↗ Aviation Weather Center (NOAA) · cloud cover and bases, visibility, and the areas of low cloud or poor visibility

Aviation forecast, surface weather, the north-central states, 6 hours ahead · on the government's site ↗ Aviation Weather Center (NOAA) · surface winds, weather, thunderstorms, and the AIRMET boxes for turbulence, icing and strong winds

Radar, the whole country · loop National Weather Service

Surface analysis now Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: San Francisco International, Dane County Rgnl/Truax Field.