Plan a flight · Mon 3:01 am CDT (08:01 UTC)

Valley International to Buffalo Niagara International HRL → BUF

1,365 nautical miles (1,571 statute miles) northeast on a straight line, true course 038°, about 035° magnetic at the departure end (variation 3E). At 120 knots that is 10 h 50 min at the quickest height in today's winds (3,500 ft, a 6-knot tailwind), arriving about 2:51 pm EDT (18:51 UTC). For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 4 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.

The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words

Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of

AIRMET SIERRA 3E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist, fog). Over the last 488 nm of the route.

A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from HRL.

Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first

B752 climbing, 17 nm northwest, 2:37 am CDT (07:37 UTC): overcast. 1007 nm along the route, 17 nm northwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
CVG UA /OV 5 W CVG/TM 0737/FLDURC/TP B752/SK B001 OVC T015
```
Report
a routine report filed through CVG
Where
5 west cvg
Time
07:37 UTC
Height
during the climb
Aircraft
B752
Sky
B001 overcast T015
MD83 climbing, 11 nm southeast, 12:04 am CDT (05:04 UTC): a routine report with nothing remarked on. 1096 nm along the route, 11 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
CMH UA /OV LCK/TM 0504/FLDURC/TP MD83/SK B010 T037
```
Report
a routine report filed through CMH
Where
over LCK
Time
05:04 UTC
Height
during the climb
Aircraft
MD83
Sky
B010 T037

Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 02:00–09:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed

The eastbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: odd thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 15 forecast points nearest it (BRO, CRP, PSX, HOU, LCH, SHV, JAN, MEM, BNA, EVV, LOU, CVG, CMH, CLE, BUF). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.

Height	Average wind	Head- or tailwind	Temperature	Ground speed	Time en route	Arrival
3,500 ft	230° at 5 kt	−6 kt		126 kt	10 h 50 min	2:51 pm EDT (18:51 UTC)
5,500 ft	280° at 4 kt	−2 kt		122 kt	11 h 11 min	3:12 pm EDT (19:12 UTC)
7,500 ft	300° at 6 kt	−2 kt	14 °C	122 kt	11 h 11 min	3:12 pm EDT (19:12 UTC)
9,500 ft	310° at 9 kt	−1 kt	10 °C	121 kt	11 h 17 min	3:18 pm EDT (19:18 UTC)
11,500 ft	320° at 10 kt	+1 kt	7 °C	119 kt	11 h 28 min	3:29 pm EDT (19:29 UTC)
13,500 ft	320° at 12 kt	+2 kt	3 °C	118 kt	11 h 34 min	3:35 pm EDT (19:35 UTC)
15,500 ft	320° at 14 kt	+2 kt	-1 °C	118 kt	11 h 34 min	3:35 pm EDT (19:35 UTC)
17,500 ft	320° at 16 kt	+2 kt	-5 °C	118 kt	11 h 34 min	3:35 pm EDT (19:35 UTC)
18,000 ft FL180	320° at 17 kt	+2 kt	-6 °C	118 kt	11 h 34 min	3:35 pm EDT (19:35 UTC)
24,000 ft FL240	320° at 23 kt	+3 kt	-17 °C	117 kt	11 h 40 min	3:41 pm EDT (19:41 UTC)
30,000 ft FL300	330° at 35 kt	+7 kt	-32 °C	113 kt	12 h 05 min	4:06 pm EDT (20:06 UTC)
34,000 ft FL340	320° at 41 kt	+5 kt	-41 °C	115 kt	11 h 52 min	3:53 pm EDT (19:53 UTC)
39,000 ft FL390	330° at 38 kt	+10 kt	-51 °C	110 kt	12 h 25 min	4:26 pm EDT (20:26 UTC)

Based on data from the 12th at 00:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 06:00 UTC for use 02:00 to 09:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.

The forecast points as issued

Point	From	3,000	6,000	9,000	12,000	18,000	24,000	30,000	34,000	39,000
BRO	used from 0 nm out; 39 nm from the line	150/22	160/18 18°	160/13 14°	150/9 10°	050/5 -3°	L/V -15°	100/13 -29°	120/15 -40°	080/9 -52°
CRP	used from 50 nm out; 51 nm from the line	150/24	180/19 19°	190/13 14°	200/14 9°	230/5 -4°	170/6 -14°	360/6 -29°	L/V -40°	350/18 -52°
PSX	used from 100 nm out; 52 nm from the line	160/24	160/23 19°	180/14 15°	210/11 9°	240/8 -4°	250/8 -13°	320/14 -29°	300/16 -40°	340/17 -51°
HOU	used from 199 nm out; 32 nm from the line	160/22	150/27 19°	180/16 14°	250/7 9°	270/10 -5°	270/16 -13°	310/23 -29°	310/26 -40°	330/20 -52°
LCH	used from 299 nm out; 36 nm from the line	160/21	160/18 18°	180/13 12°	230/6 8°	280/10 -4°	260/13 -14°	310/29 -30°	320/32 -40°	330/33 -53°
SHV	used from 399 nm out; 78 nm from the line	200/18	230/24 18°	230/24 12°	240/14 8°	260/12 -4°	240/11 -15°	300/31 -29°	300/32 -40°	300/36 -52°
JAN	used from 449 nm out; 94 nm from the line	230/10	270/13 18°	270/11 12°	310/11 6°	300/15 -4°	300/22 -16°	310/33 -31°	320/37 -41°	330/41 -52°
MEM	used from 598 nm out; 50 nm from the line	230/19	260/16 15°	270/17 12°	300/13 6°	300/15 -5°	300/26 -18°	300/34 -32°	300/41 -40°	310/46 -52°
BNA	used from 748 nm out; 60 nm from the line	310/20	340/20 17°	330/24 10°	340/22 5°	330/26 -6°	340/29 -18°	330/52 -33°	320/62 -41°	340/45 -50°
EVV	used from 847 nm out; 68 nm from the line	280/15	290/12 17°	310/16 10°	320/13 5°	310/22 -6°	320/26 -18°	320/38 -33°	310/56 -41°	320/55 -51°
LOU	used from 897 nm out; 23 nm from the line	310/18	340/28 16°	340/29 10°	350/27 3°	330/27 -7°	340/39 -19°	330/58 -33°	330/67 -41°	330/40 -49°
CVG	used from 997 nm out; 18 nm from the line	320/18	350/32 16°	350/35 10°	350/30 3°	330/30 -7°	340/44 -20°	340/58 -35°	330/72 -41°	320/36 -49°
CMH	used from 1047 nm out; 37 nm from the line	330/15	340/22 14°	340/24 9°	340/23 4°	340/35 -9°	340/49 -20°	340/58 -37°	330/70 -42°	340/55 -47°
CLE	used from 1146 nm out; 39 nm from the line	340/7	010/16 13°	350/18 8°	350/20 3°	340/31 -10°	340/46 -21°	340/54 -37°	330/62 -44°	340/65 -49°
BUF	used from 1296 nm out; 45 nm from the line	320/10	010/16 10°	360/10 6°	340/13 2°	330/22 -11°	300/25 -23°	320/31 -38°	300/29 -44°	280/36 -50°

The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch

Airport	Where	Conditions	Elevation
HRL Harlingen, TX	departure	no report just now	36 ft
GLS Galveston, TX	239 nm out, 5 nm south of the line, tower	no report just now	5 ft
BPT Beaumont/Port Arthur, TX	299 nm out, 11 nm southeast of the line, tower	no report just now	14 ft
MLU Monroe, LA	478 nm out, 11 nm northwest of the line, tower	no report just now	78 ft
GLH Greenville, MS	558 nm out, 9 nm northwest of the line, tower	no report just now	130 ft
MKL Jackson, TN	718 nm out, 18 nm northwest of the line, tower	no report just now	434 ft
SDF Louisville, KY	937 nm out, 12 nm northwest of the line, tower	no report just now	500 ft
ILN Wilmington, OH	1056 nm out, 2 nm west of the line, tower	no report just now	1,076 ft
TZR Columbus, OH	1096 nm out, 0 nm west of the line, tower	no report just now	904 ft
ERI Erie, PA	1286 nm out, 5 nm west of the line, tower	no report just now	732 ft
BUF Buffalo, NY	destination	no report just now	726 ft

The highest airport on this list sits at 1,076 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.

At BUF when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 2:51 pm EDT (18:51 UTC)

BUF has no terminal forecast; use the nearest airport that does.

Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it

6/8029 Cincinnati, OH, Friday, October 9, 2026 through Monday, October 12, 2026 Local 9 nm from the route, 1007 nm along the route · a VIP movement · until 12 October · ZID
6/8587 Youngstown, OH, Monday, October 12, 2026 through Monday, October 12, 2026 Local on the route, 1216 nm along the route · a VIP movement · today · ZOB
6/8829 Youngstown, OH, Monday, October 12, 2026 through Monday, October 12, 2026 Local 10 nm from the route, 1226 nm along the route · a VIP movement · today · ZOB
6/8888 Youngstown, OH, Monday, October 12, 2026 through Monday, October 12, 2026 Local 15 nm from the route, 1236 nm along the route · security · today · ZOB

Daylight

Sunset at HRL 7:04 pm CDT (00:04 UTC), at BUF 6:37 pm EDT (22:37 UTC) (civil twilight ends 7:06 pm EDT (23:06 UTC)).

Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.

Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads

Radar now, the southern Plains · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the lower Mississippi valley · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the central Great Lakes · loop National Weather Service

Radar, the whole country · loop National Weather Service

Surface analysis now Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Valley International, Buffalo Niagara International.