Plan a flight · Sun 11:24 pm EDT (03:24 UTC)

Manchester Boston Regional to Joe Foss Field MHT → FSD

1,103 nautical miles (1,269 statute miles) west on a straight line, true course 281°, about 296° magnetic at the departure end (variation 15W). At 120 knots that is 10 h 02 min at the quickest height in today's winds (8,500 ft, a 10-knot headwind), arriving about 8:26 am CDT (13:26 UTC). Right now MHT is marginal VFR, wind from the north-northeast (020°) at 4 knots; FSD is VFR, wind from the northwest (320°) at 4 knots. For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 2 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.

The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words

Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of

AIRMET SIERRA 3E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist). Over the first 547 nm of the route.
AIRMET ZULU 1C: moderate icing up to 25,000 ft. Over the first 238 nm of the route.
AIRMET TANGO 3W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 21,000 ft to 33,000 ft. Over the first 288 nm of the route.
AIRMET TANGO 2W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft up to 13,000 ft. Over the first 129 nm of the route.
AIRMET SIERRA 4E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist). Over the route from 30 to 189 nm out.
AIRMET TANGO 3W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground). Near the route, 984 nm along the route.

A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from MHT.

Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first

A333 at 15,000 ft, 28 nm east, 9:37 pm EDT (01:37 UTC): moderate chop turbulence up to 15,000 ft, remarks: during the climb. At the departure end, 28 nm east of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
PSM UA /OV PSM/TM 0137/FL150/TP A333/TB MOD CHOP BLO 150/RM DURC
```
Report
a routine report filed through PSM
Where
over PSM
Time
01:37 UTC
Height
at 15,000 ft
Aircraft
A333
Turbulence
moderate chop below 15,000 ft
Remarks
during the climb
GLF4 at 10,000 ft, 44 nm south, 9:03 pm EDT (01:03 UTC): moderate turbulence above 10,000 ft, light rain, remarks: instrument conditions. At the departure end, 44 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
BDL UA /OV CEF060010/TM 0103/FL100/TP GLF4/WX -RA/TB MOD 100/RM IMC
```
Report
a routine report filed through BDL
Where
10 nm northeast (060°) of CEF
Time
01:03 UTC
Height
at 10,000 ft
Aircraft
GLF4
Weather
light rain
Turbulence
moderate at 10,000 ft
Remarks
instrument conditions
CRJ7 at 20,000 ft, 7 nm north, 8:50 pm EDT (00:50 UTC): moderate turbulence. 89 nm along the route, 7 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
ALB UA /OV CAM360020/TM 0050/FL200/TP CRJ7/TB MOD
```
Report
a routine report filed through ALB
Where
20 nm north (360°) of CAM
Time
00:50 UTC
Height
at 20,000 ft
Aircraft
CRJ7
Turbulence
moderate
CRJ9 descending, 0 nm east, 11:16 pm EDT (03:16 UTC): a routine report with nothing remarked on. At the departure end, 0 nm east of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
MHT UA /OV RWY 6/TM 0316/FLDURD/TP CRJ9/SK 004
```
Report
a routine report filed through MHT
Where
runway 6
Time
03:16 UTC
Height
during the descent
Aircraft
CRJ9
Sky
at 400 ft
B738 at 300 ft, 39 nm southeast, 11:00 pm EDT (03:00 UTC): a broken layer above 500 ft, remarks: during the descent runway 4R bos. At the departure end, 39 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
BOS UA /OV KBOS/TM 0300/FL003/TP B738/SK BKN005/RM DURD RY 4R BOS
```
Report
a routine report filed through BOS
Where
over KBOS
Time
03:00 UTC
Height
at 300 ft
Aircraft
B738
Sky
a broken layer from 500 ft
Remarks
during the descent runway 4R bos
B38M descending, 0 nm east, 10:53 pm EDT (02:53 UTC): overcast above 1,500 ft; scattered clouds above 500 ft. At the departure end, 0 nm east of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
MHT UA /OV RWY 17/TM 0253/FLDURD/TP B38M/SK 015 OVC / 005 SCT
```
Report
a routine report filed through MHT
Where
runway 17
Time
02:53 UTC
Height
during the descent
Aircraft
B38M
Sky
at 1,500 ft overcast; at 500 ft scattered
B38M descending, 0 nm east, 10:14 pm EDT (02:14 UTC): remarks: mod-hvy precip. At the departure end, 0 nm east of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
MHT UA /OV RWY 17/TM 0214/FLDURD/TP B38M/SK 015/RM MOD-HVY PRECIP
```
Report
a routine report filed through MHT
Where
runway 17
Time
02:14 UTC
Height
during the descent
Aircraft
B38M
Sky
at 1,500 ft
Remarks
mod-hvy precip
UAL42 at 35,000 ft, 34 nm southeast, 10:02 pm EDT (02:02 UTC): light turbulence, -45 °C, wind 256° at 85 knots. At the departure end, 34 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
ARP UAL42 4232N 07054W 0202 F350 MS45 256/085KT TB LIGHT SK ON TOP IC NONE
```
Report
a routine report filed through ARP
BCS3 at 600 ft, 38 nm southeast, 9:20 pm EDT (01:20 UTC): a broken layer above 600 ft, remarks: during the descent runway 22L bos. At the departure end, 38 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
BOS UA /OV KBOS040002/TM 0120/FL006/TP BCS3/SK BKN006/RM DURD RY 22L BOS
```
Report
a routine report filed through BOS
Where
2 nm northeast (040°) of KBOS
Time
01:20 UTC
Height
at 600 ft
Aircraft
BCS3
Sky
a broken layer from 600 ft
Remarks
during the descent runway 22L bos
A321 , 39 nm southeast, 8:56 pm EDT (00:56 UTC): remarks: braking action fair during landing runway 22L bos. At the departure end, 39 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
BOS UA /OV KBOS/TM 0056/FL000/TP A321/RM BRAKING ACTION FAIR DURING LANDING RY 22L BOS
```
Report
a routine report filed through BOS
Where
over KBOS
Time
00:56 UTC
Height
at 0 ft
Aircraft
A321
Remarks
braking action fair during landing runway 22L bos
E55P at 600 ft, 29 nm south, 8:48 pm EDT (00:48 UTC): overcast above 600 ft. At the departure end, 29 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
BED UA /OV BED/TM 0048/FL006/TP E55P/SK OVC006
```
Report
a routine report filed through BED
Where
over BED
Time
00:48 UTC
Height
at 600 ft
Aircraft
E55P
Sky
overcast from 600 ft
BCS3 at 26,000 ft, 10 nm south, 8:35 pm EDT (00:35 UTC): light to moderate turbulence. At the departure end, 10 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
EEN UA /OV EEN/TM 0035/FL260/TP BCS3/TB CONS LGT OCNL MOD
```
Report
a routine report filed through EEN
Where
over EEN
Time
00:35 UTC
Height
at 26,000 ft
Aircraft
BCS3
Turbulence
continuous light occasional moderate
CRJ7 at 17,000 ft, 9 nm southwest, 8:53 pm EDT (00:53 UTC): light chop turbulence. 99 nm along the route, 9 nm southwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
ALB UA /OV CAM300020/TM 0053/FL170/TP CRJ7/TB ONCL LGT CHOP
```
Report
a routine report filed through ALB
Where
20 nm northwest (300°) of CAM
Time
00:53 UTC
Height
at 17,000 ft
Aircraft
CRJ7
Turbulence
oncl light chop
CRJ7 at 22,000 ft, 8 nm north, 8:32 pm EDT (00:32 UTC): light chop turbulence, remarks: during the descent. 99 nm along the route, 8 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
RUT UA /OV GFL/TM 0032/FL220/TP CRJ7/TB CONS LGT CHOP/RM DURD
```
Report
a routine report filed through RUT
Where
over GFL
Time
00:32 UTC
Height
at 22,000 ft
Aircraft
CRJ7
Turbulence
continuous light chop
Remarks
during the descent

4 more routine reports are on the map.

Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 02:00–09:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed

The westbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: even thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 11 forecast points nearest it (BOS, ALB, SYR, BUF, CLE, TVC, MKG, GRB, LSE, MCW, FSD). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.

Height	Average wind	Head- or tailwind	Temperature	Ground speed	Time en route	Arrival
4,500 ft	260° at 15 kt	+15 kt		105 kt	10 h 30 min	8:54 am CDT (13:54 UTC)
6,500 ft	280° at 12 kt	+13 kt	13 °C	107 kt	10 h 19 min	8:43 am CDT (13:43 UTC)
8,500 ft	280° at 10 kt	+10 kt	10 °C	110 kt	10 h 02 min	8:26 am CDT (13:26 UTC)
10,500 ft	280° at 10 kt	+11 kt	6 °C	109 kt	10 h 07 min	8:31 am CDT (13:31 UTC)
12,500 ft	280° at 12 kt	+13 kt	2 °C	107 kt	10 h 19 min	8:43 am CDT (13:43 UTC)
14,500 ft	280° at 16 kt	+16 kt	-2 °C	104 kt	10 h 36 min	9:00 am CDT (14:00 UTC)
16,500 ft	280° at 19 kt	+19 kt	-7 °C	101 kt	10 h 55 min	9:19 am CDT (14:19 UTC)
18,000 ft FL180	280° at 22 kt	+22 kt	-10 °C	98 kt	11 h 15 min	9:39 am CDT (14:39 UTC)
24,000 ft FL240	280° at 27 kt	+27 kt	-21 °C	93 kt	11 h 52 min	10:16 am CDT (15:16 UTC)
30,000 ft FL300	280° at 35 kt	+34 kt	-36 °C	86 kt	12 h 50 min	11:14 am CDT (16:14 UTC)
34,000 ft FL340	280° at 43 kt	+42 kt	-44 °C	78 kt	14 h 08 min	12:32 pm CDT (17:32 UTC)
39,000 ft FL390	280° at 56 kt	+54 kt	-52 °C	66 kt	16 h 43 min	3:07 pm CDT (20:07 UTC)

Based on data from the 12th at 00:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 06:00 UTC for use 02:00 to 09:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.

The forecast points as issued

Point	From	3,000	6,000	9,000	12,000	18,000	24,000	30,000	34,000	39,000
BOS	used from 0 nm out; 58 nm from the line	110/20	200/26 12°	280/24 8°	260/29 3°	250/47 -10°	230/59 -19°	230/74 -33°	240/95 -41°	240/96 -53°
ALB	used from 50 nm out; 39 nm from the line	120/9	270/8 10°	L/V 5°	260/9 1°	260/34 -10°	250/42 -22°	240/57 -35°	240/70 -42°	240/65 -50°
SYR	used from 149 nm out; 37 nm from the line	280/13	350/18 10°	340/10 6°	300/15 1°	280/17 -12°	270/16 -23°	280/25 -38°	250/40 -42°	240/53 -50°
BUF	used from 248 nm out; 63 nm from the line	320/10	010/16 10°	360/10 6°	340/13 2°	330/22 -11°	300/25 -23°	320/31 -38°	300/29 -44°	280/36 -50°
CLE	used from 447 nm out; 150 nm from the line	340/7	010/16 13°	350/18 8°	350/20 3°	340/31 -10°	340/46 -21°	340/54 -37°	330/62 -44°	340/65 -49°
TVC	used from 497 nm out; 108 nm from the line	260/31	280/22 15°	290/18 10°	270/13 2°	290/25 -10°	300/35 -21°	310/52 -37°	320/59 -47°	300/84 -54°
MKG	used from 646 nm out; 55 nm from the line	260/22	290/16 15°	300/11 10°	290/5 3°	300/26 -9°	300/32 -20°	320/48 -36°	320/61 -45°	310/74 -53°
GRB	used from 696 nm out; 31 nm from the line	250/36	270/23 16°	270/14 9°	240/18 4°	280/26 -9°	280/29 -20°	290/42 -36°	290/51 -45°	290/72 -55°
LSE	used from 795 nm out; 45 nm from the line	230/40	240/24 17°	240/13 10°	250/13 6°	280/22 -9°	250/28 -21°	250/41 -34°	260/42 -44°	270/62 -53°
MCW	used from 944 nm out; 41 nm from the line	220/44	250/30 17°	230/14 12°	240/17 6°	250/22 -8°	270/29 -20°	250/34 -34°	260/52 -43°	260/59 -51°
FSD	used from 1043 nm out; 35 nm from the line	190/9	230/30 18°	240/23 13°	240/20 6°	260/22 -9°	250/31 -21°	250/43 -36°	260/49 -43°	270/53 -47°

The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch

Airport	Where	Conditions	Wind	Visibility	Ceiling	Elevation	Reported
MHT Manchester, NH	departure	marginal VFR Sky: a few clouds at 400 feet, overcast at 1,500 feet Weather: light rain, mist	from the north-northeast (020°) at 4 knots	4 mi	1,500 ft	266 ft	10:53 pm EDT (02:53 UTC)
SCH Schenectady, NY	109 nm out, 24 nm south of the line, tower	marginal VFR Sky: a broken layer at 1,100 feet, overcast at 2,000 feet Weather: rain	from the northeast (040°) at 4 knots	7 mi	1,100 ft	377 ft	00:51 UTC
RME Rome, NY	179 nm out, 11 nm south of the line, tower	marginal VFR Sky: a few clouds at 1,100 feet, overcast at 2,700 feet Weather: heavy rain, mist	calm	3 mi	2,700 ft	504 ft	02:53 UTC
CYOO Oshawa,	328 nm out, 13 nm north of the line	IFR Sky: a broken layer at 700 feet, a broken layer at 12,000 feet, a broken layer at 25,000 feet	calm	9 mi	700 ft	459 ft	03:16 UTC
CYYZ Toronto,	358 nm out, 6 nm southwest of the line	VFR Sky: a few clouds at 600 feet, a broken layer at 3,900 feet, a broken layer at 11,000 feet	from the northeast (050°) at 2 knots	10+ mi	3,900 ft	569 ft	03:00 UTC
BAX Bad Axe, MI	507 nm out, 9 nm south of the line	marginal VFR Sky: overcast at 1,300 feet	from the south-southwest (210°) at 5 knots	10+ mi	1,300 ft	763 ft	03:15 UTC
LDM Ludington, MI	656 nm out, 2 nm southeast of the line	VFR	from the south (180°) at 9 knots	10+ mi	none	646 ft	03:15 UTC
OSH Oshkosh, WI	745 nm out, 2 nm west of the line, tower	VFR	from the south (190°) at 9 knots	10+ mi	none	808 ft	02:53 UTC
LSE La Crosse, WI	864 nm out, 2 nm south of the line, tower	VFR	from the south-southwest (200°) at 13 knots	10+ mi	none	655 ft	02:53 UTC
RST Rochester, MN	914 nm out, 5 nm northwest of the line, tower	VFR	from the south (190°) at 11 knots	8 mi	none	1,317 ft	02:54 UTC
OTG Worthington, MN	1053 nm out, 2 nm southeast of the line	VFR	from the south (190°) at 3 knots	10+ mi	none	1,574 ft	02:56 UTC
FSD Sioux Falls, SD	destination	VFR Sky: a few clouds at 18,000 feet, scattered clouds at 25,000 feet	from the northwest (320°) at 4 knots	10+ mi	none	1,430 ft	9:56 pm CDT (02:56 UTC)

The highest airport on this list sits at 1,574 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.

At FSD when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 8:26 am CDT (13:26 UTC)

Wind from the northeast at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 700 feet VFR

The whole forecast for FSD

From Sun 7:00 pm CDT (00:00 UTC): wind from the west at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a broken layer at 25,000 feet
From Sun 9:00 pm CDT (02:00 UTC): wind from the west-northwest at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a broken layer at 25,000 feet
From Sun 11:00 pm CDT (04:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 25,000 feet
From Mon 8:00 am CDT (13:00 UTC): wind from the northeast at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 700 feet
From Mon 2:00 pm CDT (19:00 UTC): wind from the west-southwest at 8 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
From Mon 4:00 pm CDT (21:00 UTC): wind from the west at 11 knots, gusting to 17, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet

The forecast for MHT, the departure

From Sun 8:00 pm EDT (00:00 UTC): wind from the east-southeast at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, light rain, a broken layer at 8,000 feet, overcast at 10,000 feet
From Sun 9:00 pm EDT (01:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility 6 miles, light rain, overcast at 3,000 feet
From Sun 11:00 pm EDT (03:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility 4 miles, light rain, overcast at 600 feet
From Mon 9:00 am EDT (13:00 UTC): wind from the northwest at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a broken layer at 2,500 feet, overcast at 6,000 feet
From Mon 12:00 pm EDT (16:00 UTC): wind from the northwest at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a broken layer at 25,000 feet

Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it

No temporary flight restriction on or near this route right now.

Daylight

Sunset at MHT 6:08 pm EDT (22:08 UTC), at FSD 6:49 pm CDT (23:49 UTC) (civil twilight ends 7:17 pm CDT (00:17 UTC)).

Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.

Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads

Radar now, the Northeast · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the central Great Lakes · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the upper Mississippi valley · loop National Weather Service

Radar, the whole country · loop National Weather Service

Surface analysis now Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Manchester Boston Regional, Joe Foss Field.