Continental O-470 series
12,781 aircraft on the U.S. register carry a Continental O-470 series engine, rated at about 230 horsepower. The Cessna 182 Skylane is the model most often fitted with it (9,369 aircraft). The aircraft carrying it were built between 1951 and 2023.
The FAA records engines by code, usually at the level of a series ("O-320 series") rather than the exact variant; this page gathers every FAA code that reads as Continental O-470 series. FAA spelling: O-470 SERIES.
Fitted to model families
Cessna 182 Skylane9,369Cessna 180 Skywagon2,362Beechcraft H35204Cessna 310150Cessna 305148Beechcraft A45124Bellanca 1446Beechcraft D-4541Beechcraft 95 Travel Air and Baron 5534Beechcraft T-3430Cessna 18827Cessna L-1923
Model families, as a table
Cessna 182 Skylane · Cessna 180 Skywagon · Beechcraft H35 · Cessna 310 · Cessna 305 · Beechcraft A45 · Bellanca 14 · Beechcraft D-45 · Beechcraft 95 Travel Air and Baron 55 · Beechcraft T-34
Where they are owner's state
Kind of aircraft
By kind, as a table
| aircraft | share | |
|---|---|---|
| Piston singles | 12,580 | 98% |
| Piston twins | 201 | 2% |
What the FAA has certified, ordered and been told about the Continental O-470 series the component layer
The design is held under 3 type certificates. The FAA has issued 23 airworthiness directives (orders that owners must comply with) that name this engine series. Operators and repair shops have filed 148 failure reports with the FAA since 1995, 7 of them in the last ten years.
FAA orders 23 airworthiness directives · newest first
2023-10-262023-17-04 · Reciprocating Engine Oil System · engine
2023-03-152023-05-16 · Reciprocating Engine Power Section · engine
2023-02-232023-04-08 · Reciprocating Engine Power Section · engine
2023-02-172023-02-12 · Engine Air Intake System · engine
2022-08-152022-16-03 · Engine (RECIPROCATING) · engine
2022-03-292022-04-04 · Reciprocating Engine Oil System · engine
Failure reports 148 since · what operators and shops told the FAA
Failure reports by year, as a table
| reports | |
|---|---|
| 95 | 5 |
| 96 | 4 |
| 97 | 1 |
| 99 | 2 |
| 00 | 3 |
| 01 | 15 |
| 02 | 22 |
| 03 | 16 |
| 04 | 16 |
| 05 | 6 |
| 06 | 6 |
| 07 | 9 |
| 08 | 8 |
| 09 | 8 |
| 10 | 8 |
| 12 | 4 |
| 13 | 7 |
| 14 | 1 |
| 17 | 4 |
| 18 | 1 |
| 20 | 1 |
| 26 | 1 |
Parts most often reported as the reports name them
Bulkhead18Cylinder9Skin5Line4Support Bracket4Control Arm3Elt3Fitting3Rib3Roll Pin3
Parts most reported, as a table
| reports | |
|---|---|
| Bulkhead | 18 |
| Cylinder | 9 |
| Skin | 5 |
| Line | 4 |
| Support Bracket | 4 |
| Control Arm | 3 |
| Elt | 3 |
| Fitting | 3 |
| Rib | 3 |
| Roll Pin | 3 |
Latest reports
2026-08-27Cylinder: separated
2020-04-13Bracket: broken
2018-09-05Gear: chipped
2017-08-30Relay: shorted
2017-08-11Hub: cracked
Certificates and bulletins
E-273Type certificate held by Continental Aerospace Technologies, INC. · 21 models listed · revised September 19, 2022
E-269Type certificate held by Continental Aerospace Technologies, INC. · 8 models listed · revised September 19, 2022
E-281Type certificate held by Continental Aerospace Technologies, INC. · 2 models listed · revised May 4, 2020
Safety bulletins 4 · advice, not orders
Sources: the FAA's type certificate data sheets, airworthiness directives, supplemental type certificates, special conditions and special airworthiness information bulletins (Dynamic Regulatory System), and the FAA's service difficulty reports. A failure report is what an operator or repair station chose to file; the counts show reporting as much as reliability, and larger and commercial fleets report more. How the systems are grouped.
Connections how this engine series links to the rest of the register
Fitted to
- Cessna 182 Skylane 9,369 with this engine series
- Cessna 180 Skywagon 2,362 with this engine series
- Beechcraft H35 204 with this engine series
- Cessna 310 150 with this engine series
- Cessna 305 148 with this engine series
- Beechcraft A45 124 with this engine series
- Bellanca 14 46 with this engine series
- Beechcraft D-45 41 with this engine series
Where they are
- California 1,196 of these aircraft
- Texas 1,164 of these aircraft
- Alaska 861 of these aircraft
- Washington 673 of these aircraft
- Florida 552 of these aircraft
Biggest operators
- Sutton Aircraft Salvage LLC 26 of these aircraft
- Civil Air Patrol INC 16 of these aircraft
- Kcsi Aerial Patrol INC 15 of these aircraft
- Bas Part Sales LLC 13 of these aircraft
- Energy Transfer Aviation LLC 12 of these aircraft
Airworthiness
- FAA orders naming the Continental O-470 series 23 airworthiness directives
- Failure reports on the Continental O-470 series 148 reports since 1995
Analytics
These connections as data: /graph/engine/continental-o-470-series.json · about the eFlight graph.
Aircraft newest certificates first · 12,781
| Tail no. | Maker and model | Group | Owner and base | Certificate | Registered | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N599CP | Cessna 182L |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Coons Aircraft Services INC West Palm Beach, Florida |
Standard | 2026-01-10 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N9059G | Cessna 182N |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Elevated Aviation LLC West Plains, Missouri |
Standard | 2026-01-10 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2914F | Cessna 182J |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner California |
Standard | 2026-01-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N9881E | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Texas |
Standard | 2026-01-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N193GS | Cessna 182N |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Weaver Family Farms LLC Corpus Christi, Texas |
Standard | 2026-01-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N4617B | Cessna 180 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Montana |
Standard | 2026-01-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N181ST | Cessna 180 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Wagontrainer LLC Kalispell, Montana |
Standard | 2026-01-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N3590Y | Cessna 182F |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Co-owned owner Texas |
Standard | 2026-01-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N4751B | Cessna 180 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Withheld at owner's request | Standard | 2026-01-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N8792X | Cessna 182D |
Fixed-wing, single engine | N8792X LLC Loveland, Colorado |
Standard | 2026-01-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N3893D | Cessna 182A |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner California |
Standard | 2026-01-06 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N3724U | Cessna 182G |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Router Bit Service CO INC High Point, North Carolina |
Standard | 2026-01-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N5578D | Beech H35 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner California |
Standard | 2026-01-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N691TT | Cessna 182Q |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner North Carolina |
Standard | 2026-01-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2068R | Cessna 182G |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Six Lima Papa LLC Kalispell, Montana |
Standard | 2026-01-04 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N5138D | Cessna 182A |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Arizona |
Standard | 2026-01-04 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2397X | Cessna 182H |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Alaska |
Standard | 2026-01-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N7208E | Cessna 182B |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner New Mexico |
Standard | 2026-01-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N759YM | Cessna 182Q |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Jav Air Services LLC Anchorage, Alaska |
Standard | 2026-01-01 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N8546T | Cessna 182C |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Hoopes Aviation LLC Carey, Idaho |
Standard | 2026-01-01 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N32FL | Cessna 305E |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Army Aviation Heritage Foundation and Museum Hampton, Georgia |
Standard | 2025-12-29 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2302R | Cessna 182G |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Texas |
Standard | 2025-12-28 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N735GB | Cessna 182Q |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Cowboy Sky LLC Enterprise, Mississippi |
Standard | 2025-12-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N97543 | Cessna 182Q |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Georgia |
Standard | 2025-12-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N424L | Meyers MAC-145 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Co-owned owner Iowa |
Experimental | 2025-12-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N655R | Cessna 310 |
Fixed-wing, multi-engine | Individual owner Kansas |
Standard | 2025-12-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N71228 | Cessna 182M |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Ohio |
Standard | 2025-12-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N8994T | Cessna 182C |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner South Carolina |
Standard | 2025-12-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2123G | Cessna 182A |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Oregon |
Standard | 2025-12-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2403Q | Cessna 182J |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Skydive Harbor Springs INC Charlevoix, Michigan |
Standard | 2025-12-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2163R | Cessna 182G |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Massachusetts |
Standard | 2025-12-19 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N3204D | Cessna 180 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Texas |
Standard | 2025-12-19 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N42387 | Cessna 182L |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Montana |
Standard | 2025-12-18 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N52225 | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Co-owned owner California |
Standard | 2025-12-18 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N4706B | Cessna 180 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Collegiate Peaks Aviation LLC Salida, Colorado |
Standard | 2025-12-17 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N5577D | Beech H35 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Just Plane Vintage LLC Mountain Home, Arkansas |
Standard | 2025-12-17 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N70616 | Cessna 182M |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Oregon |
Standard | 2025-12-17 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N577TC | Cessna 182Q |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Crimson Aviation LLC Helena, Montana |
Standard | 2025-12-16 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N691E | Stinson 108-3 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Sutton Aircraft Salvage LLC Palmer, Alaska |
Standard | 2025-12-16 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N9839B | Bellanca 14-19-2 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Co-owned owner Idaho |
Standard | 2025-12-16 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N3587F | Cessna 182J |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Co-owned owner New Mexico |
Standard | 2025-12-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N711WN | Cessna L-19E |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Lazy Ta Legend Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2025-12-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N823BE | Cessna 182R |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Co-owned owner Ohio |
Standard | 2025-12-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N8788X | Cessna 182D |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Aero Cg LLC Fresno, California |
Standard | 2025-12-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N21110 | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Avco Patrol LLC Lyndon, Kansas |
Standard | 2025-12-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N42599 | Cessna 182L |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Avco Patrol LLC Lyndon, Kansas |
Standard | 2025-12-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N6785M | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Oregon |
Standard | 2025-12-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N7446Q | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Avco Patrol LLC Lyndon, Kansas |
Standard | 2025-12-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N7578S | Cessna 182Q |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Fly Cessna 182Q N7578S LLC Kalispell, Montana |
Standard | 2025-12-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N830CB | Beech D-45 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Co-owned owner Ohio |
Standard | 2025-12-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N91795 | Cessna 182M |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Avco Patrol LLC Lyndon, Kansas |
Standard | 2025-12-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N9661G | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Avco Patrol LLC Lyndon, Kansas |
Standard | 2025-12-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2041G | Cessna 182A |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Texas |
Standard | 2025-12-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2655R | Cessna 182K |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Kentucky |
Standard | 2025-12-12 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2673G | Cessna 182B |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Texas |
Standard | 2025-12-12 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N73GM | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Florida |
Standard | 2025-12-12 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2690G | Cessna 182B |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Ferkin Air LLC Caldwell, Idaho |
Standard | 2025-12-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N8953G | Cessna 182N |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Airfleet Solutions LLC Newark, Delaware |
Standard | 2025-12-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N479JL | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Arkansas |
Standard | 2025-12-10 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N5603J | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner California |
Standard | 2025-12-10 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N7431N | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | We Fly LLC Fort Payne, Alabama |
Standard | 2025-12-10 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N182MB | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Heartland Airplanes LLC Olathe, Kansas |
Standard | 2025-12-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2008G | Cessna 182A |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Co-owned owner Nevada |
Standard | 2025-12-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2273C | Cessna 180 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Wisconsin |
Standard | 2025-12-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N3193F | Cessna 182J |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Jcd4 Capital LLC Birmingham, Alabama |
Standard | 2025-12-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N96462 | Cessna 182Q |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Skylens LLC Hammond, Louisiana |
Standard | 2025-12-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N9837H | Cessna 182R |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Christmas Aviation LLC Pace, Florida |
Standard | 2025-12-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N14621 | Cessna L-19A |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Co-owned owner Alaska |
Standard | 2025-12-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N14JM | Cessna 180J |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Mckinstry Aviation LLC Parker, Colorado |
Standard | 2025-12-06 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N92329 | Cessna 182N |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Florida |
Standard | 2025-12-06 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N1829Y | Cessna 182K |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Wing and A Prayer Aviation LLC Cabot, Arkansas |
Standard | 2025-12-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N3579Y | Cessna 182F |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Real Property Services LLC Bentonville, Arkansas |
Standard | 2025-12-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N778EM | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Horizon Dreams LLC Homer, Georgia |
Standard | 2025-12-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N218W | Cessna 182G |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Seaplane Adventures LLC Cheyenne, Wyoming |
Standard | 2025-12-04 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2307R | Cessna 182G |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner California |
Standard | 2025-12-04 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N1QP | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | N667Sr LLC Richmond, Kentucky |
Standard | 2025-12-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N3115D | Cessna 180 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Montana |
Standard | 2025-12-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N3781U | Cessna 182 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | N3781U LLC Key West, Florida |
Standard | 2025-12-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N389 | Cessna 180 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Donalds Flying Service INC Pantego, North Carolina |
Standard | 2025-12-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N5039D | Cessna 182A |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Up Above Ak LLC Wasilla, Alaska |
Standard | 2025-12-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N6443A | Cessna 182 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Washington |
Standard | 2025-12-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N7259E | Cessna 182B |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Texas |
Standard | 2025-12-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N3030Y | Cessna 182E |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Arizona |
Standard | 2025-12-02 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N75SM | Cessna 182F |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Summit Aviation Adventures LLC Fairplay, Colorado |
Standard | 2025-12-02 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N900MP | Cessna 182R |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Illinois |
Standard | 2025-12-01 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2952F | Cessna 182J |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Texas |
Standard | 2025-11-30 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N6569A | Cessna 180 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Tennessee |
Standard | 2025-11-30 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N70902 | Cessna 182M |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Co-owned owner Arizona |
Standard | 2025-11-30 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2747X | Cessna 180H |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Alaska |
Standard | 2025-11-29 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N88717 | Cessna 182N |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Maine |
Standard | 2025-11-28 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N5112G | Cessna 182K |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Crawford Law Pllc Selah, Washington |
Standard | 2025-11-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N735HS | Cessna 182Q |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Dls Aviation LLC Missoula, Montana |
Standard | 2025-11-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N12250 | Beech A45 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Virginia |
Standard | 2025-11-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2672Y | Cessna 180E |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Oregon |
Standard | 2025-11-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N550CE | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Idaho |
Standard | 2025-11-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N84099 | Cessna 182P |
Fixed-wing, single engine | 650 Aviation LLC San Mateo, California |
Standard | 2025-11-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N8699T | Cessna 182C |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Oklahoma |
Standard | 2025-11-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N8813X | Cessna 182D |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Meccanized LLC Kalispell, Montana |
Standard | 2025-11-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N134CD | Beech A45 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | L&L Aviation INC Advance, North Carolina |
Standard | 2025-11-24 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2789F | Cessna 182 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Ohio |
Standard | 2025-11-24 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
Source: FAA Civil Aviation Registry, Releasable Aircraft Database (the engine reference table and each aircraft's engine code), October 7, 2026. Horsepower and thrust are the FAA's figures for the series, not for a particular aircraft.