Indianapolis International to Sacramento International IND → SMF
1,633 nautical miles (1,879 statute miles) west on a straight line, true course 279°, about 284° magnetic at the departure end (variation 5W). At 120 knots that is 15 h 42 min at the quickest height in today's winds (4,500 ft, a 16-knot headwind), arriving about 3:17 pm PDT (22:17 UTC). Right now IND is VFR, wind from the southeast (140°) at 4 knots; SMF is VFR, wind from the south (190°) at 7 knots. For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 18 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.
The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words
Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.
Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of
- SIGMET W15W: thunderstorms (a convective SIGMET) up to 28,000 ft, moving from the southwest at 20 knots, until 3:55 am EDT (07:55 UTC). Over the route from 1304 to 1394 nm out.
as issued
WSUS33 KKCI 120555 MKCW WST 120555 CONVECTIVE SIGMET 15W VALID UNTIL 0755Z UT NV FROM 60WNW BVL-10NE BVL-80E OAL-40SE OAL-20W OAL-60WNW BVL AREA TS MOV FROM 24020KT. TOPS TO FL280.
- AIRMET SIERRA 3E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist). Over the first 40 nm of the route.
- AIRMET TANGO 3W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground). Over the route from 249 to 767 nm out.
- AIRMET TANGO 4W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 18,000 ft to 38,000 ft. Over the route from 737 to 1165 nm out.
- AIRMET TANGO 4W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft up to 18,000 ft. Over the route from 786 to 1334 nm out.
- AIRMET TANGO 1W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground). Over the route from 876 to 1055 nm out.
- AIRMET SIERRA 1E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist). Over the route from 956 to 1414 nm out.
- AIRMET TANGO 5W: strong surface winds (30 knots or more) (due to sustained surface winds greater than 30 knots). Near the route, 1025 nm along the route.
- AIRMET ZULU 2C: moderate icing up to 23,000 ft. Over the route from 1035 to 1443 nm out.
- AIRMET TANGO 1W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 18,000 ft to 39,000 ft. Over the last 90 nm of the route.
A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from IND.
Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first
- B38M at 29,000 ft, 38 nm north, 12:52 am EDT (04:52 UTC): no turbulence from 23,000 ft to 29,000 ft. 90 nm along the route, 38 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
TIP UA /OV RBS/TM 0452/FL290/TP B38M/TB NEG 230-290
- Report
- a routine report filed through TIP
- Where
- over RBS
- Time
- 04:52 UTC
- Height
- at 29,000 ft
- Aircraft
- B38M
- Turbulence
- no from 23,000 ft to 29,000 ft
- B738 descending, 44 nm south, 2:15 am EDT (06:15 UTC): light chop turbulence. 846 nm along the route, 44 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
DEN UA /OV DEN/TM 0615/FLDURD/TP B738/TB LGT CHOP
- Report
- a routine report filed through DEN
- Where
- over DEN
- Time
- 06:15 UTC
- Height
- during the descent
- Aircraft
- B738
- Turbulence
- light chop
- B38M at 21,500 ft, 5 nm northwest, 12:33 am EDT (04:33 UTC): light turbulence up to 25,000 ft, remarks: during the descent flati star ZDVWC-13. 886 nm along the route, 5 nm northwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
DEN UA /OV DEN305065/TM 0433/FL215/TP B38M/TB LGT BLO 250/RM DURD FLATI STAR. ZDVWC-13
- Report
- a routine report filed through DEN
- Where
- 65 nm northwest (305°) of DEN
- Time
- 04:33 UTC
- Height
- at 21,500 ft
- Aircraft
- B38M
- Turbulence
- light below 25,000 ft
- Remarks
- during the descent flati star ZDVWC-13
Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 02:00–09:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed
The westbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: even thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 16 forecast points nearest it (IND, SPI, BRL, DSM, OMA, GRI, GLD, BFF, DEN, GJT, RKS, SLC, ELY, BAM, RNO, SAC). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.
| Height | Average wind | Head- or tailwind | Temperature | Ground speed | Time en route | Arrival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,500 ft | 230° at 21 kt | +16 kt | 21 °C | 104 kt | 15 h 42 min | 3:17 pm PDT (22:17 UTC) |
| 6,500 ft | 240° at 19 kt | +17 kt | 16 °C | 103 kt | 15 h 51 min | 3:26 pm PDT (22:26 UTC) |
| 8,500 ft | 230° at 19 kt | +16 kt | 10 °C | 104 kt | 15 h 42 min | 3:17 pm PDT (22:17 UTC) |
| 10,500 ft | 230° at 20 kt | +17 kt | 5 °C | 103 kt | 15 h 51 min | 3:26 pm PDT (22:26 UTC) |
| 12,500 ft | 230° at 22 kt | +19 kt | 1 °C | 101 kt | 16 h 10 min | 3:45 pm PDT (22:45 UTC) |
| 14,500 ft | 230° at 25 kt | +21 kt | -3 °C | 99 kt | 16 h 30 min | 4:05 pm PDT (23:05 UTC) |
| 16,500 ft | 230° at 28 kt | +23 kt | -7 °C | 97 kt | 16 h 50 min | 4:25 pm PDT (23:25 UTC) |
| 18,000 ft FL180 | 230° at 30 kt | +25 kt | -11 °C | 95 kt | 17 h 11 min | 4:46 pm PDT (23:46 UTC) |
| 24,000 ft FL240 | 230° at 35 kt | +29 kt | -22 °C | 91 kt | 17 h 57 min | 5:32 pm PDT (00:32 UTC) |
| 30,000 ft FL300 | 240° at 42 kt | +38 kt | -31 °C | 82 kt | 19 h 55 min | 7:30 pm PDT (02:30 UTC) |
| 34,000 ft FL340 | 250° at 49 kt | +47 kt | -37 °C | 73 kt | 22 h 22 min | 9:57 pm PDT (04:57 UTC) |
| 39,000 ft FL390 | 250° at 48 kt | +48 kt | -46 °C | 72 kt | 22 h 41 min | 10:16 pm PDT (05:16 UTC) |
Based on data from the 12th at 00:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 06:00 UTC for use 02:00 to 09:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.
The forecast points as issued
| Point | From | 3,000 | 6,000 | 9,000 | 12,000 | 18,000 | 24,000 | 30,000 | 34,000 | 39,000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IND | used from 0 nm out; 25 nm from the line | 290/16 | 310/20 16° | 320/21 10° | 330/13 3° | 300/25 -7° | 320/32 -19° | 330/46 -34° | 320/61 -43° | 320/63 -50° |
| SPI | used from 100 nm out; 34 nm from the line | 220/21 | 250/23 16° | 260/27 9° | 270/14 6° | 270/23 -7° | 270/31 -19° | 270/28 -33° | 290/48 -42° | 300/55 -52° |
| BRL | used from 199 nm out; 34 nm from the line | 230/24 | 240/29 15° | 290/16 10° | 280/15 4° | 260/23 -7° | 260/32 -19° | 260/36 -33° | 280/48 -41° | 280/59 -52° |
| DSM | used from 299 nm out; 71 nm from the line | 230/40 | 250/33 17° | 250/18 12° | 240/17 5° | 260/28 -8° | 270/34 -19° | 260/41 -33° | 260/55 -41° | 270/62 -51° |
| OMA | used from 398 nm out; 52 nm from the line | 220/47 | 240/33 19° | 250/18 11° | 230/17 6° | 260/29 -8° | 250/33 -19° | 250/51 -33° | 260/61 -40° | 270/62 -49° |
| GRI | used from 498 nm out; 39 nm from the line | 230/35 21° | 230/23 13° | 220/20 7° | 240/25 -8° | 240/37 -20° | 250/49 -33° | 260/57 -38° | 260/58 -47° | |
| GLD | used from 647 nm out; 83 nm from the line | 230/49 | 230/42 15° | 220/26 8° | 240/18 -7° | 230/27 -21° | 240/62 -30° | 240/61 -35° | 250/57 -47° | |
| BFF | used from 747 nm out; 80 nm from the line | 180/28 | 220/33 15° | 210/31 7° | 230/32 -9° | 220/41 -21° | 220/40 -33° | 240/47 -36° | 250/54 -46° | |
| DEN | used from 796 nm out; 48 nm from the line | 240/21 14° | 250/44 6° | 220/49 -8° | 220/49 -21° | 230/54 -30° | 240/57 -35° | 240/49 -45° | ||
| GJT | used from 946 nm out; 92 nm from the line | 210/43 7° | 230/45 1° | 220/49 -12° | 220/62 -22° | 220/59 -28° | 230/60 -33° | 220/55 -45° | ||
| RKS | used from 1045 nm out; 83 nm from the line | 200/41 | 220/44 1° | 220/35 -11° | 220/46 -24° | 210/53 -27° | 220/62 -35° | 230/61 -44° | ||
| SLC | used from 1095 nm out; 69 nm from the line | 200/5 | 230/8 2° | 220/20 -2° | 210/40 -12° | 190/53 -25° | 210/62 -30° | 220/69 -34° | 220/64 -43° | |
| ELY | used from 1244 nm out; 54 nm from the line | 200/39 3° | 210/27 -2° | 210/45 -15° | 220/56 -24° | 210/60 -28° | 210/63 -34° | 220/61 -43° | ||
| BAM | used from 1394 nm out; 71 nm from the line | 310/7 0° | 270/19 -7° | 200/38 -17° | 190/49 -28° | 220/69 -29° | 220/63 -33° | 230/48 -41° | ||
| RNO | used from 1443 nm out; 76 nm from the line | 010/9 | 320/10 -2° | 210/23 -9° | 210/34 -19° | 220/36 -25° | 230/31 -29° | 230/41 -33° | 230/38 -42° | |
| SAC | used from 1593 nm out; 21 nm from the line | 110/6 | L/V 4° | 010/11 -2° | 350/11 -7° | 340/24 -16° | 360/44 -23° | 330/24 -30° | 270/21 -35° | 230/23 -43° |
The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch
| Airport | Where | Conditions | Wind | Visibility | Ceiling | Elevation | Reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IND Indianapolis, IN | departure | VFR | from the southeast (140°) at 4 knots | 8 mi | none | 796 ft | 1:54 am EDT (05:54 UTC) |
| CMI Champaign/Urbana, IL | 90 nm out, 6 nm northwest of the line, tower | VFR | from the south-southwest (200°) at 6 knots | 10+ mi | none | 754 ft | 05:53 UTC |
| EOK Keokuk, IA | 239 nm out, 13 nm north of the line | reported, no category | from the south-southwest (200°) at 6 knots | 10+ mi | none | 671 ft | 06:15 UTC |
| LNK Lincoln, NE | 488 nm out, 19 nm north of the line, tower | VFR | from the south (190°) at 13 knots | 10+ mi | none | 1,218 ft | 05:54 UTC |
| GRI Grand Island, NE | 557 nm out, 23 nm north of the line, tower | VFR | from the south (180°) at 12 knots | 10+ mi | none | 1,847 ft | 05:53 UTC |
| HEQ Holyoke, CO | 737 nm out, 3 nm southeast of the line | VFR | from the south-southwest (200°) at 5 knots | 10+ mi | none | 3,729 ft | 06:15 UTC |
| FNL Fort Collins/Loveland, CO | 856 nm out, 6 nm southwest of the line, tower | VFR | from the south-southeast (150°) at 3 knots | 10+ mi | none | 5,020 ft | 05:56 UTC |
| VEL Vernal, UT | 1065 nm out, 10 nm north of the line | VFR Sky: overcast at 6,000 feet | from the south-southeast (160°) at 6 knots | 10+ mi | 6,000 ft | 5,274 ft | 05:53 UTC |
| PVU Provo, UT | 1165 nm out, 8 nm north of the line, tower | VFR Sky: a broken layer at 4,900 feet, overcast at 6,000 feet | calm | 10+ mi | 4,900 ft | 4,496 ft | 05:56 UTC |
| TMT Austin, NV | 1424 nm out, 3 nm north of the line | VFR Sky: scattered clouds at 5,000 feet, a broken layer at 11,000 feet | calm | 10+ mi | 11,000 ft | 5,735 ft | 06:15 UTC |
| TRK Truckee, CA | 1563 nm out, 22 nm north of the line, tower | VFR | from the south-southwest (210°) at 8 knots | 10+ mi | none | 5,904 ft | 06:15 UTC |
| SMF Sacramento, CA | destination | VFR | from the south (190°) at 7 knots | 10+ mi | none | 26 ft | 10:53 pm PDT (05:53 UTC) |
The highest airport on this list sits at 5,904 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.
At SMF when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 3:17 pm PDT (22:17 UTC)
Wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet VFR
The whole forecast for SMF
- From Sun 11:00 pm PDT (06:00 UTC): wind from the south-southeast at 7 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
- From Mon 5:00 am PDT (12:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
- From Mon 5:00 pm PDT (00:00 UTC): wind from the north-northwest at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
The forecast for IND, the departure
- From Mon 2:00 am EDT (06:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
- At times between Mon 2:00 am EDT (06:00 UTC) and 6:00 am EDT (10:00 UTC): visibility 1 mile, mist, shallow fog, overcast at 200 feet
- From Mon 8:00 am EDT (12:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility 6 miles, mist, shallow fog, a few clouds at 200 feet
- From Mon 9:00 am EDT (13:00 UTC): wind from the south-southwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 20,000 feet
Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it
- 6/3475 BEALE AFB, CA, Sunday, March 8, 2026 through Sunday, November 1, 2026 Local 14 nm from the route, at the destination end · security · until 1 November · ZOA
Daylight
Sunset at IND 7:10 pm EDT (23:10 UTC), at SMF 6:32 pm PDT (01:32 UTC) (civil twilight ends 6:59 pm PDT (01:59 UTC)).
Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.
Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads







Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Indianapolis International, Sacramento International.
