Plan a flight · Sun 10:01 pm EDT (02:01 UTC)

Tweed/New Haven Airport to Sacramento International HVN → SMF

2,217 nautical miles (2,551 statute miles) west on a straight line, true course 283°, about 296° magnetic at the departure end (variation 13W). At 120 knots that is 18 h 47 min at the quickest height in today's winds (4,500 ft, a 2-knot headwind), arriving about 1:48 pm PDT (20:48 UTC). Right now HVN is marginal VFR, wind from the north-northeast (030°) at 9 knots; SMF is VFR, wind from the south-southwest (200°) at 8 knots. For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 1 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.

The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words

Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of

AIRMET SIERRA 3E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist). Over the first 489 nm of the route.
AIRMET TANGO 2W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft up to 13,000 ft. Over the first 140 nm of the route.
AIRMET TANGO 3W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 21,000 ft to 33,000 ft. Over the route from 50 to 319 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 4E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist). Over the route from 80 to 280 nm out.
AIRMET ZULU 1C: moderate icing up to 22,000 ft. Near the route, 110 nm along the route.
AIRMET TANGO 3W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground). Over the route from 859 to 1018 nm out.
AIRMET TANGO 4W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 18,000 ft to 36,000 ft. Over the route from 1328 to 2057 nm out.
AIRMET TANGO 4W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft up to 18,000 ft. Over the route from 1388 to 1887 nm out.
AIRMET TANGO 1W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground). Over the route from 1458 to 1677 nm out.
AIRMET TANGO 5W: strong surface winds (30 knots or more) (due to sustained surface winds greater than 30 knots). Over the route from 1538 to 1627 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 1E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist). Over the route from 1548 to 1997 nm out.
AIRMET ZULU 3C: moderate icing up to 22,000 ft. Over the route from 1558 to 2077 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 2E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist). Near the route, 1757 nm along the route.
AIRMET TANGO 1W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 18,000 ft to 39,000 ft. Over the last 30 nm of the route.

A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from HVN.

Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first

urgent PC12 at 11,000 ft, 43 nm northeast, 7:29 pm EDT (23:29 UTC): moderate turbulence, remarks: during the descent on wipor arrival. At the departure end, 43 nm northeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
IJD UUA /OV ORW340007/TM 2329/FL110/TP PC12/TB MOD 110-100 SEV 100-080/RM DURD ON WIPOR ARR
```
Report
an urgent report filed through IJD
Where
7 nm north (340°) of ORW
Time
23:29 UTC
Height
at 11,000 ft
Aircraft
PC12
Turbulence
moderate from 11,000 ft to 10,000 ft severe from 10,000 ft to 8,000 ft
Remarks
during the descent on wipor arrival
urgent BCS3 at 5,400 ft, 44 nm south, 7:35 pm EDT (23:35 UTC): remarks: wind shear 10 knots gain 1000 above ground on final. 1757 nm along the route, 44 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
PVU UUA /OV PVU310001/TM 2335/FL054/TP BCS3/RM WIND SHEAR 10 KT GAIN 1000 AGL ON FINAL
```
Report
an urgent report filed through PVU
Where
1 nm northwest (310°) of PVU
Time
23:35 UTC
Height
at 5,400 ft
Aircraft
BCS3
Remarks
wind shear 10 knots gain 1000 above ground on final
BCS3 at 4,000 ft, 18 nm southwest, 8:42 pm EDT (00:42 UTC): moderate turbulence, imc. At the departure end, 18 nm southwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
BDR UA /OV BDR180010/TM 0042/FL040/TP BCS3/WX IMC/TB MOD
```
Report
a routine report filed through BDR
Where
10 nm south (180°) of BDR
Time
00:42 UTC
Height
at 4,000 ft
Aircraft
BCS3
Weather
instrument conditions
Turbulence
moderate
PC12 at 10,000 ft, 40 nm northeast, 7:53 pm EDT (23:53 UTC): moderate turbulence. At the departure end, 40 nm northeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
BDL UA /OV HFD100017/TM 2353/FL100/TP PC12/TB MOD
```
Report
a routine report filed through BDL
Where
17 nm east (100°) of HFD
Time
23:53 UTC
Height
at 10,000 ft
Aircraft
PC12
Turbulence
moderate
TBM9 descending, 30 nm south, 7:45 pm EDT (23:45 UTC): moderate turbulence, a broken layer above 700 ft. At the departure end, 30 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
ISP UA /OV ISP/TM 2345/FLDURD/TP TBM9/SK BKN007/TB MOD
```
Report
a routine report filed through ISP
Where
over ISP
Time
23:45 UTC
Height
during the descent
Aircraft
TBM9
Sky
a broken layer from 700 ft
Turbulence
moderate
E75S at 16,000 ft, 29 nm north, 8:28 pm EDT (00:28 UTC): moderate chop turbulence. At the departure end, 29 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
POU UA /OV PWL100025/TM 0028/FL160/TP E75S/TB MOD CHOP
```
Report
a routine report filed through POU
Where
25 nm east (100°) of PWL
Time
00:28 UTC
Height
at 16,000 ft
Aircraft
E75S
Turbulence
moderate chop
B38M at 6,000 ft, 46 nm south, 8:47 pm EDT (00:47 UTC): moderate turbulence. At the departure end, 46 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
EWR UA /OV 2 NW OF EWR/TM 0047/FL60/TP B38M/TB MODERATE
```
Report
a routine report filed through EWR
Where
2 northwest of ewr
Time
00:47 UTC
Height
at 6,000 ft
Aircraft
B38M
Turbulence
moderate
E75S at 10,000 ft, 35 nm north, 7:53 pm EDT (23:53 UTC): moderate clear-air turbulence. At the departure end, 35 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
POU UA /OV PWL350015/TM 2353/FL100/TP E75S/TB MOD CAT
```
Report
a routine report filed through POU
Where
15 nm north (350°) of PWL
Time
23:53 UTC
Height
at 10,000 ft
Aircraft
E75S
Turbulence
moderate clear-air turbulence
PC12 at 8,000 ft, 36 nm north, 7:29 pm EDT (23:29 UTC): moderate clear-air turbulence. At the departure end, 36 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
POU UA /OV IGN340030/TM 2329/FL080/TP PC12/TB MOD CAT
```
Report
a routine report filed through POU
Where
30 nm north (340°) of IGN
Time
23:29 UTC
Height
at 8,000 ft
Aircraft
PC12
Turbulence
moderate clear-air turbulence
A320 at 33,000 ft, 20 nm south, 8:36 pm EDT (00:36 UTC): moderate turbulence above 33,000 ft, remarks: zob. 549 nm along the route, 20 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
JXN UA /OV JXN280030/TM 0036/FL330/TP A320/TB OCNL MOD 330/RM ZOB
```
Report
a routine report filed through JXN
Where
30 nm west (280°) of JXN
Time
00:36 UTC
Height
at 33,000 ft
Aircraft
A320
Turbulence
occasional moderate at 33,000 ft
Remarks
zob
BE9L at 21,000 ft, 27 nm north, 7:22 pm EDT (23:22 UTC): light chop turbulence above 21,000 ft, moderate icing above 21,000 ft, -21 °C, remarks: zdvwc. 1448 nm along the route, 27 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
DGW UA /OV IIP200020/TM 2322/FL210/TP BE9L/SK BASE 200/TA M21/TB OCNL LGT CHOP 210/IC MOD MIX 210/RM ZDVWC
```
Report
a routine report filed through DGW
Where
20 nm south (200°) of IIP
Time
23:22 UTC
Height
at 21,000 ft
Aircraft
BE9L
Sky
base 20,000 ft
Temperature
−21 °C
Turbulence
occasional light chop at 21,000 ft
Icing
moderate mix at 21,000 ft
Remarks
zdvwc
A339 at 16,000 ft, 19 nm north, 7:35 pm EDT (23:35 UTC): moderate chop turbulence up to 16,000 ft, remarks: during the climb zlc. 1747 nm along the route, 19 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
OGD UA /OV OGD063012/TM 2335/FL160/TP A339/TB MOD CHOP 160 BLO/RM DURC /ZLC
```
Report
a routine report filed through OGD
Where
12 nm northeast (063°) of OGD
Time
23:35 UTC
Height
at 16,000 ft
Aircraft
A339
Turbulence
moderate chop at 16,000 ft below
Remarks
during the climb zlc
E75L at 14,500 ft, 15 nm north, 7:05 pm EDT (23:05 UTC): moderate turbulence up to 15,800 ft, heavy rain, remarks: during the climb zlc. 1747 nm along the route, 15 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
OGD UA /OV OGD086008/TM 2305/FL145/TP E75L/WX +RA/TB MOD 158 BLO/RM DURC /ZLC
```
Report
a routine report filed through OGD
Where
8 nm east (086°) of OGD
Time
23:05 UTC
Height
at 14,500 ft
Aircraft
E75L
Weather
heavy rain
Turbulence
moderate at 15,800 ft below
Remarks
during the climb zlc
PA44 at 6,000 ft, 43 nm south, 7:25 pm EDT (23:25 UTC): moderate turbulence, remarks: runway in sight at at 6,400 ft. 1757 nm along the route, 43 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
PVU UA /OV PVU310002/TM 2325/FL060/TP PA44/TB MOD /RM RWY IN SIGHT AT 064
```
Report
a routine report filed through PVU
Where
2 nm northwest (310°) of PVU
Time
23:25 UTC
Height
at 6,000 ft
Aircraft
PA44
Turbulence
moderate
Remarks
runway in sight at at 6,400 ft

16 more routine reports are on the map.

Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 20:00–03:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed

The westbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: even thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 18 forecast points nearest it (JFK, AVP, PSB, BUF, CLE, MKG, JOT, DBQ, MCW, FSD, ONL, BFF, RKS, SLC, ELY, BAM, RNO, SAC). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.

Height	Average wind	Head- or tailwind	Temperature	Ground speed	Time en route	Arrival
4,500 ft	190° at 10 kt	+2 kt	16 °C	118 kt	18 h 47 min	1:48 pm PDT (20:48 UTC)
6,500 ft	220° at 11 kt	+6 kt	13 °C	114 kt	19 h 27 min	2:28 pm PDT (21:28 UTC)
8,500 ft	220° at 16 kt	+12 kt	9 °C	108 kt	20 h 32 min	3:33 pm PDT (22:33 UTC)
10,500 ft	230° at 19 kt	+16 kt	6 °C	104 kt	21 h 19 min	4:20 pm PDT (23:20 UTC)
12,500 ft	230° at 22 kt	+19 kt	2 °C	101 kt	21 h 57 min	4:58 pm PDT (23:58 UTC)
14,500 ft	230° at 23 kt	+20 kt	-3 °C	100 kt	22 h 10 min	5:11 pm PDT (00:11 UTC)
16,500 ft	230° at 25 kt	+22 kt	-7 °C	98 kt	22 h 37 min	5:38 pm PDT (00:38 UTC)
18,000 ft FL180	230° at 26 kt	+23 kt	-10 °C	97 kt	22 h 51 min	5:52 pm PDT (00:52 UTC)
24,000 ft FL240	230° at 30 kt	+27 kt	-21 °C	93 kt	23 h 50 min	6:51 pm PDT (01:51 UTC)
30,000 ft FL300	240° at 41 kt	+39 kt	-33 °C	81 kt	27 h 22 min	10:23 pm PDT (05:23 UTC)
34,000 ft FL340	250° at 50 kt	+48 kt	-40 °C	72 kt	30 h 48 min	1:49 am PDT (08:49 UTC)
39,000 ft FL390	250° at 57 kt	+56 kt	-48 °C	64 kt	34 h 38 min	5:39 am PDT (12:39 UTC)

Based on data from the 11th at 18:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 00:00 UTC for use 20:00 to 03:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.

The forecast points as issued

Point	From	3,000	6,000	9,000	12,000	18,000	24,000	30,000	34,000	39,000
JFK	used from 0 nm out; 46 nm from the line	140/43	170/35 13°	230/18 9°	250/25 5°	240/40 -7°	230/50 -17°	230/75 -31°	230/78 -41°	230/88 -53°
AVP	used from 50 nm out; 56 nm from the line	110/36	190/34 13°	230/11 8°	230/16 4°	230/26 -8°	220/40 -19°	230/73 -33°	230/98 -41°	230/87 -51°
PSB	used from 200 nm out; 66 nm from the line		260/13 13°	220/12 8°	220/11 4°	230/27 -11°	210/31 -21°	220/73 -32°	220/75 -40°	230/66 -50°
BUF	used from 250 nm out; 51 nm from the line	170/19	L/V 10°	040/9 6°	220/8 2°	230/15 -11°	220/33 -22°	220/47 -35°	230/55 -41°	230/56 -50°
CLE	used from 349 nm out; 64 nm from the line	340/5	320/13 14°	300/12 8°	310/10 2°	310/14 -10°	340/14 -23°	320/27 -35°	260/28 -40°	250/36 -48°
MKG	used from 499 nm out; 84 nm from the line	250/5	320/10 15°	310/19 9°	320/21 3°	310/23 -10°	330/37 -22°	330/51 -38°	320/44 -47°	300/60 -49°
JOT	used from 649 nm out; 74 nm from the line	230/11	290/12 16°	300/19 10°	320/19 4°	300/17 -9°	330/31 -20°	320/49 -37°	320/53 -45°	320/67 -49°
DBQ	used from 699 nm out; 78 nm from the line	220/23	240/22 16°	240/24 10°	260/18 5°	270/16 -8°	290/27 -19°	310/42 -35°	320/55 -44°	300/71 -52°
MCW	used from 849 nm out; 46 nm from the line	200/35	240/33 18°	250/20 10°	260/10 6°	270/18 -8°	260/28 -19°	280/30 -34°	290/49 -43°	280/70 -54°
FSD	used from 998 nm out; 66 nm from the line	200/16	220/20 17°	240/26 13°	230/19 6°	240/25 -9°	240/28 -20°	250/39 -33°	250/44 -43°	260/63 -52°
ONL	used from 1098 nm out; 29 nm from the line		200/20 17°	230/26 14°	240/21 7°	250/27 -9°	260/32 -19°	240/44 -34°	240/56 -41°	250/62 -51°
BFF	used from 1248 nm out; 101 nm from the line		120/24	180/31 13°	210/26 7°	230/25 -7°	240/41 -20°	230/52 -36°	250/56 -41°	260/57 -45°
RKS	used from 1498 nm out; 94 nm from the line			190/43	210/65 3°	210/57 -9°	210/56 -21°	210/47 -33°	230/63 -37°	240/77 -46°
SLC	used from 1697 nm out; 34 nm from the line		280/8	210/39 5°	210/52 -1°	200/50 -11°	200/56 -23°	220/61 -28°	230/73 -37°	230/73 -45°
ELY	used from 1847 nm out; 70 nm from the line			210/20 4°	240/21 -1°	230/37 -13°	200/58 -25°	220/73 -27°	220/73 -36°	220/69 -44°
BAM	used from 1947 nm out; 40 nm from the line			270/8 4°	230/27 -4°	220/49 -18°	210/52 -26°	220/77 -29°	220/71 -33°	220/63 -43°
RNO	used from 2047 nm out; 52 nm from the line		320/7	260/13 1°	230/21 -7°	210/38 -17°	220/43 -26°	230/54 -29°	230/59 -32°	230/54 -41°
SAC	used from 2147 nm out; 46 nm from the line	270/5	L/V 5°	L/V -1°	240/11 -5°	250/22 -15°	270/25 -24°	260/31 -27°	240/39 -33°	240/39 -42°

The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch

Airport	Where	Conditions	Wind	Visibility	Ceiling	Elevation	Reported
HVN New Haven, CT	departure	marginal VFR Sky: scattered clouds at 1,200 feet, a broken layer at 1,600 feet, overcast at 2,700 feet Weather: rain, mist	from the north-northeast (030°) at 9 knots	3 mi	1,600 ft	12 ft	9:53 pm EDT (01:53 UTC)
DXR Danbury, CT	30 nm out, 2 nm east of the line, tower	IFR Sky: overcast at 800 feet Weather: light rain	from the northeast (050°) at 8 knots	7 mi	800 ft	456 ft	01:53 UTC
ERI Erie, PA	329 nm out, 9 nm south of the line, tower	marginal VFR Sky: overcast at 3,000 feet	variable at 4 knots	10+ mi	3,000 ft	732 ft	00:51 UTC
DET Detroit, MI	459 nm out, 4 nm south of the line, tower	IFR Sky: overcast at 600 feet Weather: mist	calm	6 mi	600 ft	624 ft	01:53 UTC
ENW Kenosha, WI	679 nm out, 9 nm south of the line, tower	VFR	from the south-southwest (200°) at 3 knots	10+ mi	none	742 ft	01:53 UTC
SUX Sioux City, IA	1048 nm out, 17 nm south of the line, tower	VFR	from the south-southeast (160°) at 4 knots	9 mi	none	1,098 ft	01:52 UTC
RBE Bassett, NE	1188 nm out, 4 nm northwest of the line	no report just now				2,349 ft
GUR Guernsey, WY	1418 nm out, 14 nm north of the line, tower	VFR Sky: scattered clouds at 12,000 feet, scattered clouds at 15,000 feet, a broken layer at 25,000 feet Weather: thunderstorms	from the east-northeast (060°) at 14 knots	10+ mi	25,000 ft	4,401 ft	01:55 UTC
SLC Salt Lake City, UT	1757 nm out, 9 nm southeast of the line, tower	VFR Sky: a few clouds at 1,300 feet, scattered clouds at 4,800 feet, overcast at 6,000 feet Weather: light rain	from the south (180°) at 4 knots	10+ mi	6,000 ft	4,230 ft	01:54 UTC
ENV Wendover, UT	1847 nm out, 11 nm north of the line	VFR Sky: a broken layer at 10,000 feet	from the southeast (130°) at 5 knots	10+ mi	10,000 ft	4,236 ft	01:56 UTC
TRK Truckee, CA	2137 nm out, 13 nm northwest of the line, tower	VFR Sky: a broken layer at 5,500 feet, a broken layer at 7,500 feet	from the south-southwest (210°) at 15 knots	10+ mi	5,500 ft	5,904 ft	00:50 UTC
SMF Sacramento, CA	destination	VFR Sky: a few clouds at 25,000 feet	from the south-southwest (200°) at 8 knots	10+ mi	none	26 ft	6:53 pm PDT (01:53 UTC)

The highest airport on this list sits at 5,904 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.

At SMF when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 1:48 pm PDT (20:48 UTC)

Wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet VFR

The whole forecast for SMF

From Sun 5:00 pm PDT (00:00 UTC): wind from the south-southwest at 7 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
From Sun 11:00 pm PDT (06:00 UTC): wind from the south-southeast at 7 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
From Mon 5:00 am PDT (12:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet

Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it

6/3475 BEALE AFB, CA, Sunday, March 8, 2026 through Sunday, November 1, 2026 Local 13 nm from the route, at the destination end · security · until 1 November · ZOA
6/6740 SACRAMENTO, CA, Thursday, October 8, 2026 through Sunday, October 11, 2026 Local 6 nm from the route, at the destination end · air shows/sports · ended 11 October · ZOA

Daylight

Sunset at HVN 6:15 pm EDT (22:15 UTC), at SMF 6:32 pm PDT (01:32 UTC) (civil twilight ends 6:59 pm PDT (01:59 UTC)).

Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.

Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads

Radar now, the Northeast · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the central Great Lakes · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the upper Mississippi valley · loop National Weather Service

Radar, the whole country · loop National Weather Service

Surface analysis now Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Tweed/New Haven Airport, Sacramento International.