Joe Foss Field to General Mitchell International FSD → MKE
388 nautical miles (447 statute miles) east on a straight line, true course 093°, about 088° magnetic at the departure end (variation 5E). At 120 knots that is 2 h 11 min at the quickest height in today's winds (39,000 ft, a 58-knot tailwind), arriving about 3:59 am CDT (08:59 UTC), after sunset at the destination. For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 4 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.
The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words
Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.
Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of
- AIRMET TANGO 3W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground). Over the route from 110 to 319 nm out.
A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from FSD.
Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first
Not fetched just now.
Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 02:00–09:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed
The eastbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: odd thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 5 forecast points nearest it (FSD, MCW, LSE, DBQ, JOT). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.
| Height | Average wind | Head- or tailwind | Temperature | Ground speed | Time en route | Arrival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,500 ft | 230° at 28 kt | −19 kt | 139 kt | 2 h 47 min | 4:35 am CDT (09:35 UTC) | |
| 5,500 ft | 240° at 28 kt | −23 kt | 143 kt | 2 h 43 min | 4:31 am CDT (09:31 UTC) | |
| 7,500 ft | 250° at 22 kt | −19 kt | 14 °C | 139 kt | 2 h 47 min | 4:35 am CDT (09:35 UTC) |
| 9,500 ft | 250° at 16 kt | −14 kt | 10 °C | 134 kt | 2 h 54 min | 4:42 am CDT (09:42 UTC) |
| 11,500 ft | 250° at 16 kt | −14 kt | 7 °C | 134 kt | 2 h 54 min | 4:42 am CDT (09:42 UTC) |
| 13,500 ft | 250° at 17 kt | −16 kt | 2 °C | 136 kt | 2 h 51 min | 4:39 am CDT (09:39 UTC) |
| 15,500 ft | 260° at 19 kt | −18 kt | -2 °C | 138 kt | 2 h 49 min | 4:37 am CDT (09:37 UTC) |
| 17,500 ft | 260° at 21 kt | −20 kt | -7 °C | 140 kt | 2 h 46 min | 4:34 am CDT (09:34 UTC) |
| 18,000 ft FL180 | 260° at 21 kt | −21 kt | -8 °C | 141 kt | 2 h 45 min | 4:33 am CDT (09:33 UTC) |
| 24,000 ft FL240 | 260° at 28 kt | −27 kt | -20 °C | 147 kt | 2 h 38 min | 4:26 am CDT (09:26 UTC) |
| 30,000 ft FL300 | 250° at 36 kt | −34 kt | -34 °C | 154 kt | 2 h 31 min | 4:19 am CDT (09:19 UTC) |
| 34,000 ft FL340 | 270° at 47 kt | −46 kt | -43 °C | 166 kt | 2 h 20 min | 4:08 am CDT (09:08 UTC) |
| 39,000 ft FL390 | 270° at 58 kt | −58 kt | -51 °C | 178 kt | 2 h 11 min | 3:59 am CDT (08:59 UTC) |
Based on data from the 12th at 00:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 06:00 UTC for use 02:00 to 09:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.
The forecast points as issued
| Point | From | 3,000 | 6,000 | 9,000 | 12,000 | 18,000 | 24,000 | 30,000 | 34,000 | 39,000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FSD | used from 0 nm out; 25 nm from the line | 190/9 | 230/30 18° | 240/23 13° | 240/20 6° | 260/22 -9° | 250/31 -21° | 250/43 -36° | 260/49 -43° | 270/53 -47° |
| MCW | used from 100 nm out; 30 nm from the line | 220/44 | 250/30 17° | 230/14 12° | 240/17 6° | 250/22 -8° | 270/29 -20° | 250/34 -34° | 260/52 -43° | 260/59 -51° |
| LSE | used from 199 nm out; 38 nm from the line | 230/40 | 240/24 17° | 240/13 10° | 250/13 6° | 280/22 -9° | 250/28 -21° | 250/41 -34° | 260/42 -44° | 270/62 -53° |
| DBQ | used from 249 nm out; 49 nm from the line | 230/33 | 250/30 16° | 280/15 9° | 260/15 5° | 260/21 -7° | 260/24 -20° | 250/37 -33° | 270/42 -43° | 280/63 -52° |
| JOT | used from 349 nm out; 89 nm from the line | 250/23 | 270/22 15° | 250/16 10° | 240/9 4° | 280/22 -7° | 280/29 -19° | 300/29 -34° | 290/50 -43° | 300/64 -52° |
The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch
| Airport | Where | Conditions | Wind | Visibility | Ceiling | Elevation | Reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FSD Sioux Falls, SD | departure | no report just now | 1,430 ft | ||||
| LYV Luverne, MN | 20 nm out, 4 nm northeast of the line | no report just now | 1,435 ft | ||||
| OTG Worthington, MN | 50 nm out, 7 nm north of the line | no report just now | 1,574 ft | ||||
| EST Estherville, IA | 90 nm out, 6 nm southwest of the line | no report just now | 1,318 ft | ||||
| FXY Forest City, IA | 139 nm out, 12 nm south of the line | no report just now | 1,229 ft | ||||
| CJJ Cresco, IA | 199 nm out, 3 nm northeast of the line | no report just now | 1,279 ft | ||||
| DEH Decorah, IA | 219 nm out, 2 nm south of the line | no report just now | 1,157 ft | ||||
| LNR Lone Rock, WI | 289 nm out, 3 nm northwest of the line | no report just now | 717 ft | ||||
| MSN Madison, WI | 329 nm out, 5 nm northwest of the line, tower | no report just now | 886 ft | ||||
| UES Waukesha, WI | 368 nm out, 5 nm northeast of the line, tower | no report just now | 911 ft | ||||
| MKE Milwaukee, WI | destination | no report just now | 728 ft |
The highest airport on this list sits at 1,574 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.
At MKE when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 3:59 am CDT (08:59 UTC)
MKE has no terminal forecast; use the nearest airport that does.
Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it
No temporary flight restriction on or near this route right now.
Daylight
Sunset at FSD 6:49 pm CDT (23:49 UTC), at MKE 6:14 pm CDT (23:14 UTC) (civil twilight ends 6:42 pm CDT (23:42 UTC)). At 120 knots the arrival at MKE is before sunrise there (7:01 am CDT (12:01 UTC)).
Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.
Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads
Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Joe Foss Field, General Mitchell International.