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Accidents · NTSB CEN18LA075 · Final report

Piper PA 28-236 accident near Tishomingo, Oklahoma, January 13, 2018

On January 13, 2018 at about 5:30 pm local time, a 1984 Piper PA 28-236, registered N4345K, was substantially damaged in an accident during enroute near Tishomingo, Oklahoma. It was a personal flight under general aviation rules (Part 91). 1 person was seriously injured. The weather was visual conditions (good weather).

The NTSB's probable cause their words, unchanged

The pilot’s inadequate preflight fuel planning and in-flight fuel monitoring and his decision to take off with an unverified amount of fuel, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and a subsequent impact with trees during an attempted forced landing.

Source: NTSB aviation accident database, copy made October 5, 2026. Docket and reports at the NTSB.

What the record shows

Date
January 13, 2018 · about 5:30 pm local time
Place
Tishomingo, Oklahoma · map
Type
Accident
Injuries
1 person was seriously injured.
Weather
visual conditions (good weather)
Aircraft
Piper PA 28-236, built 1984 · all PA 28-236s on the register
Registration
N4345K · registry record · serial 28-8411012
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal flight · general aviation rules (Part 91)

The NTSB's narrative final · quoted from the NTSB record

The private pilot departed on a cross-country flight; he reported that 35 to 40 gallons of fuel were in the airplane's fuel tanks for a flight that he thought would require 20 gallons of fuel. As the airplane was nearing the destination, the pilot was concerned about the fuel level in the left tank because the fuel gauge indicated that the tank was between one-quarter full and empty and no fuel remained in the right tank, which the pilot had intentionally run dry. The pilot elected to divert to ensure that the airplane would have adequate fuel to complete the flight to the destination. Upon landing at the diversion airpark, the pilot learned that the airpark had no fuel. The pilot subsequently took off from the airpark, and the airplane reached an altitude of about 1,500 ft above ground level when the engine "sputtered." The pilot attempted to return to the airpark, but the airplane could not clear the trees in the area. The pilot attempted a forced landing, but the airplane impacted the trees and subsequently impacted terrain. The airplane was in an inverted position at the time of impact. The pilot reported that the left tank "apparently goes empty somewhere prior to the E [empty] on the fuel gauge." However, the pilot did not mention whether he visually checked the amount of fuel before leaving the diversion airpark. Thus, the pilot likely departed without sufficient fuel on board to complete the flight to another diversion airpark. Further, the fuel amount was lower than the pilot expected during the flight, which was consistent with poor preflight fuel planning and in-flight fuel monitoring.

The complete narrative as the NTSB published it. The NTSB's docket holds the report as a PDF and any photographs, statements and other documents from the investigation.

The factual record from the NTSB's investigation tables, in plain English

What happened, in order

  1. Fuel exhaustion during enroute defining event
  2. Off-field or emergency landing during emergency descent
  3. Collision with terrain or object (not controlled flight into terrain) during landing

The NTSB's findings

  • cause Personnel issues › Task performance › Planning/preparation › Fuel planning › Pilot
  • cause Personnel issues › Action/decision › Info processing/decision › Decision making/judgment › Pilot
  • cause Personnel issues › Action/decision › Info processing/decision › Expectation/assumption › Pilot
  • cause Personnel issues › Action/decision › Info processing/decision › Identification/recognition › Pilot
  • cause Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware › Fluids › Fuel › Fluid management
  • Environmental issues › Physical environment › Object/animal/substance › Tree(s) › Contributed to outcome

Pilot

  • Certificate: private
  • Ratings: single-engine land
  • Flight time: 634 hours in all; 522 in this make and model
  • Last flight review: January 1, 2017
  • Medical certificate: Class 3 (without waivers/limitations)
  • Seat: left
  • Injury: serious injuries

The aircraft

  • Airframe total time: 2,128 hours
  • Last inspection: annual inspection, May 2, 2017
  • Maximum gross weight: 3,000 lb
  • Seats: 4
  • Landing gear: fixed
  • Engine: Lycoming O-540-J3A5D (piston); 2,128 hours total

The flight

  • Departed from: HOT Hot Springs AR at 4:00 pm
  • Destination: 1F0 Ardmore OK
  • Flight plan: none

Weather at the time

  • Light: daylight
  • Wind: from 340° at 3 knots
  • Visibility: 10 statute miles
  • Sky: clear
  • Temperature: 34°F (1°C), dew point 12°F (-11°C)
  • Altimeter: 30.64 inHg
  • Observation at 5:55 pm from KADM, 18 miles away

Injuries

FatalSeriousMinorNone
Flight crew1

Documents from the investigation the NTSB's docket: the evidence folder behind the report

2 documents, released by the NTSB on March 19, 2018. View them here, or download them; the NTSB redacts some personal details before release, and this site shows the NTSB's own titles rather than its file names.

The same docket at the NTSB · documents without a copy here are fetched from the NTSB when you open them.

Everything on this page comes from the NTSB's public records. The narrative, probable cause and findings are the NTSB's own words; the coded tables behind the report are written out in plain English, with pilots' ages, home towns and medical details left out. The documents and photographs are the NTSB's docket, shown as the NTSB released them. This site's own text never names anyone involved. A preliminary report can change; the final report usually follows one to two years later, and the page is refreshed when it does.