The U.S. aircraft register, updated daily
Plan a flight · Mon 7:19 am CDT (12:19 UTC)

Minneapolis-St Paul Intl/Wold-Chamberlain Airport to Sacramento International MSP → SMF

1,316 nautical miles (1,514 statute miles) west on a straight line, true course 264°, about 264° magnetic at the departure end (variation 0E). At 120 knots that is 12 h 11 min at the quickest height in today's winds (4,500 ft, a 12-knot headwind), arriving about 5:30 pm PDT (00:30 UTC). Right now MSP is VFR, wind from the southwest (220°) at 6 knots; SMF is VFR, wind from the south-southwest (210°) at 3 knots. For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 1,192 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.

The return flight

The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words

Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of

  • SIGMET W23W: thunderstorms (a convective SIGMET) up to 27,000 ft, moving from the southwest at 20 knots, until 8:55 am CDT (13:55 UTC). Over the route from 857 to 927 nm out.
    as issued
    WSUS33 KKCI 121155
    MKCW WST 121155
    CONVECTIVE SIGMET 23W
    VALID UNTIL 1355Z
    UT ID
    FROM 20WSW PIH-20NE MLD-30SW SLC-20NW BVL-20WSW PIH
    AREA TS MOV FROM 24020KT. TOPS TO FL270.
  • AIRMET SIERRA 4E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist). Over the route from 80 to 478 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 1W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground). Over the route from 488 to 608 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 4W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft (due to mountain wave) from 34,000 ft to 43,000 ft. Over the route from 548 to 598 nm out.
  • AIRMET SIERRA 1E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist). Over the route from 568 to 1056 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 2W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft (due to mountain wave) up to 22,000 ft. Near the route, 578 nm along the route.
  • AIRMET TANGO 5W: strong surface winds (30 knots or more) (due to sustained surface winds greater than 30 knots). Near the route, 608 nm along the route.
  • AIRMET ZULU 2C: moderate icing up to 23,000 ft. Over the route from 628 to 1096 nm out.
  • AIRMET TANGO 1W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft (due to mountain wave) up to 12,000 ft. Near the route, 807 nm along the route.
  • AIRMET TANGO 1W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 18,000 ft to 39,000 ft. Over the last 179 nm of the route.
  • AIRMET SIERRA 2E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist). Near the route, 1256 nm along the route.

A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from MSP.

Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first

  • BE9L at 17,000 ft, 5 nm north, 4:42 am CDT (09:42 UTC): light rime icing from 15,000 ft to 17,000 ft, 0 °C, remarks: zdvwc. 598 nm along the route, 5 nm north of the line.
    as filed, and in English
    CPR UA /OV DDY250025/TM 0942/FL170/TP BE9L/TA 00/IC LGT RIME 150-170/RM ZDVWC
    Report
    a routine report filed through CPR
    Where
    25 nm west (250°) of DDY
    Time
    09:42 UTC
    Height
    at 17,000 ft
    Aircraft
    BE9L
    Temperature
    0 °C
    Icing
    light rime from 15,000 ft to 17,000 ft
    Remarks
    zdvwc

Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 08:00–15:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed

The westbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: even thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 12 forecast points nearest it (MSP, AXN, FSD, ABR, PIR, RAP, LND, RKS, SLC, BAM, RNO, SAC). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.

HeightAverage windHead- or tailwindTemperatureGround speedTime en routeArrival
4,500 ft230° at 13 kt+12 kt16 °C108 kt12 h 11 min5:30 pm PDT (00:30 UTC)
6,500 ft240° at 15 kt+14 kt15 °C106 kt12 h 25 min5:44 pm PDT (00:44 UTC)
8,500 ft240° at 15 kt+15 kt7 °C105 kt12 h 32 min5:51 pm PDT (00:51 UTC)
10,500 ft240° at 20 kt+19 kt2 °C101 kt13 h 02 min6:21 pm PDT (01:21 UTC)
12,500 ft240° at 24 kt+22 kt-2 °C98 kt13 h 26 min6:45 pm PDT (01:45 UTC)
14,500 ft230° at 25 kt+22 kt-6 °C98 kt13 h 26 min6:45 pm PDT (01:45 UTC)
16,500 ft220° at 27 kt+22 kt-10 °C98 kt13 h 26 min6:45 pm PDT (01:45 UTC)
18,000 ft FL180220° at 28 kt+22 kt-13 °C98 kt13 h 26 min6:45 pm PDT (01:45 UTC)
24,000 ft FL240230° at 35 kt+30 kt-24 °C90 kt14 h 37 min7:56 pm PDT (02:56 UTC)
30,000 ft FL300230° at 40 kt+37 kt-33 °C83 kt15 h 51 min9:10 pm PDT (04:10 UTC)
34,000 ft FL340240° at 44 kt+42 kt-37 °C78 kt16 h 52 min10:11 pm PDT (05:11 UTC)
39,000 ft FL390240° at 45 kt+44 kt-45 °C76 kt17 h 19 min10:38 pm PDT (05:38 UTC)

Based on data from the 12th at 06:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 12:00 UTC for use 08:00 to 15:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.

The forecast points as issued
PointFrom3,0006,0009,00012,00018,00024,00030,00034,00039,000
MSPused from 0 nm out; 25 nm from the line250/12250/17 17°240/26 12°250/26 5°280/26 -9°280/32 -22°270/37 -38°280/47 -41°280/55 -48°
AXNused from 50 nm out; 71 nm from the line110/6260/10 16°240/17 12°250/20 5°260/29 -10°260/35 -22°260/29 -38°270/48 -41°270/61 -48°
FSDused from 100 nm out; 67 nm from the line210/20230/23 21°220/25 14°230/30 5°230/26 -9°240/30 -21°270/33 -36°260/47 -37°270/58 -47°
ABRused from 199 nm out; 66 nm from the line080/12210/12 17°220/22 12°230/26 5°220/28 -10°230/41 -21°250/36 -36°260/47 -39°260/63 -47°
PIRused from 249 nm out; 33 nm from the line230/15 15°220/22 14°220/24 6°200/32 -10°210/48 -22°240/45 -33°240/43 -37°250/55 -46°
RAPused from 349 nm out; 55 nm from the line250/28 16°260/31 10°240/25 4°210/35 -10°200/45 -23°230/47 -31°230/47 -36°230/51 -46°
LNDused from 548 nm out; 110 nm from the line240/10 3°240/30 0°220/42 -13°230/52 -23°220/54 -33°220/52 -36°220/53 -44°
RKSused from 747 nm out; 74 nm from the line250/9230/21 -1°210/43 -14°220/59 -23°220/55 -32°220/53 -35°220/48 -44°
SLCused from 797 nm out; 64 nm from the line200/16210/23 4°220/34 -3°210/40 -16°220/66 -23°220/64 -31°220/57 -36°220/50 -43°
BAMused from 947 nm out; 99 nm from the line280/9 -2°260/18 -8°190/47 -19°200/50 -29°210/56 -29°220/54 -34°220/45 -42°
RNOused from 1146 nm out; 48 nm from the line010/6270/12 -3°220/26 -10°280/13 -19°350/44 -24°320/30 -32°260/22 -36°240/24 -42°
SACused from 1246 nm out; 47 nm from the lineL/VL/V 4°340/9 -4°340/22 -8°360/71 -12°360/82 -23°350/58 -37°310/30 -40°270/25 -44°

The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch

AirportWhereConditionsWindVisibilityCeilingElevationReported
MSP Minneapolis, MN departure VFR from the southwest (220°) at 6 knots 10+ mi none 841 ft 6:53 am CDT (11:53 UTC)
GYL Glencoe, MN 40 nm out, 4 nm southeast of the line VFR from the west-southwest (250°) at 3 knots 10+ mi none 992 ft 12:15 UTC
HON Huron, SD 219 nm out, 3 nm northeast of the line low IFR Sky: overcast at 200 feet Weather: mist from the north (360°) at 8 knots 2 mi 200 ft 1,288 ft 11:55 UTC
PHP Philip, SD 359 nm out, 10 nm northwest of the line IFR Sky: overcast at 500 feet from the northeast (050°) at 5 knots 10+ mi 500 ft 2,209 ft 11:55 UTC
RAP Rapid City, SD 419 nm out, 23 nm northwest of the line, tower low IFR Sky: sky obscured at 200 feet Weather: light rain, fog from the east (100°) at 4 knots 0.5 mi 200 ft 3,203 ft 12:03 UTC
CPR Casper, WY 588 nm out, 7 nm southeast of the line, tower VFR Sky: overcast at 5,500 feet from the west-southwest (240°) at 9 knots 10+ mi 5,500 ft 5,344 ft 11:53 UTC
EMM Kemmerer, WY 777 nm out, 16 nm south of the line VFR Sky: a broken layer at 4,800 feet, overcast at 6,000 feet calm 10+ mi 4,800 ft 7,288 ft 11:55 UTC
LGU Logan, UT 837 nm out, 5 nm northeast of the line VFR Sky: a few clouds at 700 feet, a broken layer at 4,800 feet, overcast at 6,000 feet Weather: light rain, mist calm 6 mi 4,800 ft 4,456 ft 11:51 UTC
EKO Elko, NV 1017 nm out, 10 nm northwest of the line VFR Sky: a broken layer at 4,800 feet, overcast at 7,000 feet Weather: light rain calm 10+ mi 4,800 ft 5,139 ft 11:56 UTC
FLX Fallon, NV 1176 nm out, 11 nm southeast of the line no report just now 3,966 ft
TRK Truckee, CA 1236 nm out, 6 nm northwest of the line, tower VFR calm 10+ mi none 5,904 ft 11:55 UTC
SMF Sacramento, CA destination VFR Sky: a few clouds at 11,000 feet from the south-southwest (210°) at 3 knots 10+ mi none 26 ft 4:53 am PDT (11:53 UTC)

The highest airport on this list sits at 7,288 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.

At SMF when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 5:30 pm PDT (00:30 UTC)

Wind from the north-northwest at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies VFR

The whole forecast for SMF
  • From Mon 5:00 am PDT (12:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
  • From Mon 5:00 pm PDT (00:00 UTC): wind from the north-northwest at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
  • From Mon 10:00 pm PDT (05:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
The forecast for MSP, the departure
  • From Mon 7:00 am CDT (12:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 20,000 feet
  • From Mon 3:00 pm CDT (20:00 UTC): wind from the west at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 10,000 feet
  • From Mon 7:00 pm CDT (00:00 UTC): wind from the north at 7 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a broken layer at 5,000 feet
  • From Mon 10:00 pm CDT (03:00 UTC): wind from the northwest at 9 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 2,500 feet, a broken layer at 3,500 feet
  • From Tue 1:00 am CDT (06:00 UTC): wind from the northwest at 10 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, overcast at 2,500 feet

Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it

  • 6/6656 ANOKA, MN, Monday, October 5, 2026 through Monday, October 19, 2026 Local 19 nm from the route, at the departure end · security · until 19 October · ZMP
  • 6/3475 BEALE AFB, CA, Sunday, March 8, 2026 through Sunday, November 1, 2026 Local 11 nm from the route, at the destination end · security · until 1 November · ZOA

Daylight

Sunset at MSP 6:33 pm CDT (23:33 UTC), at SMF 6:31 pm PDT (01:31 UTC) (civil twilight ends 6:57 pm PDT (01:57 UTC)).

Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.

Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads

Radar now, the upper Mississippi valley
Radar now, the upper Mississippi valley · loop National Weather Service
Radar now, the northern Rockies
Radar now, the northern Rockies · loop National Weather Service
Radar now, the southern Rockies
Radar now, the southern Rockies · loop National Weather Service
Radar, the whole country
Radar, the whole country · loop National Weather Service
Surface analysis now
Surface analysis now Weather Prediction Center
Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead
Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center
Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead
Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Minneapolis-St Paul Intl/Wold-Chamberlain Airport, Sacramento International.