Plan a flight · Mon 3:37 am EDT (07:37 UTC)

Republic Airport to Brown Field Municipal FRG → SDM

2,132 nautical miles (2,454 statute miles) west on a straight line, true course 271°, about 285° magnetic at the departure end (variation 14W). At 120 knots that is 21 h 07 min at the quickest height in today's winds (4,500 ft, a 19-knot headwind), arriving about 9:44 pm PDT (04:44 UTC), after sunset at the destination. Right now FRG is IFR, wind from the north-northeast (030°) at 11 knots; SDM is marginal VFR, wind calm. For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 1 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.

The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words

Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of

SIGMET C12C: thunderstorms (a convective SIGMET) up to 25,000 ft, moving from the southwest at 40 knots, until 4:55 am EDT (08:55 UTC). Over the route from 1514 to 1514 nm out.
as issued
```
WSUS32 KKCI 120655
MKCC WST 120655
CONVECTIVE SIGMET 12C
VALID UNTIL 0855Z
CO NM
FROM 40W PUB-30SSE PUB-30W CIM-50WSW ALS-40W PUB
DMSHG AREA TS MOV FROM 22040KT. TOPS TO FL250.
```
AIRMET SIERRA 3E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist), from 2:00 am EDT (06:00 UTC). Over the first 628 nm of the route.
AIRMET TANGO 3W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 21,000 ft to 33,000 ft, from 2:00 am EDT (06:00 UTC). Over the first 239 nm of the route.
AIRMET SIERRA 4E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist), from 2:00 am EDT (06:00 UTC). Over the route from 130 to 309 nm out.
AIRMET TANGO 3W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground), from 2:00 am EDT (06:00 UTC). Over the route from 857 to 1415 nm out.
AIRMET TANGO 4W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft up to 18,000 ft, from 2:00 am EDT (06:00 UTC). Over the route from 1405 to 1863 nm out.
AIRMET TANGO 2W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 35,000 ft to 45,000 ft, from 2:00 am EDT (06:00 UTC). Over the route from 1445 to 2122 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 1E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist), from 2:00 am EDT (06:00 UTC). Over the route from 1813 to 1903 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 2E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist), from 2:00 am EDT (06:00 UTC). Over the route from 1823 to 1833 nm out.

A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from FRG.

Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first

C560 at 13,000 ft, 41 nm south, 2:38 am EDT (06:38 UTC): moderate turbulence, overcast above 19,000 ft, heavy rain, remarks: during the descent. 100 nm along the route, 41 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
PHL UA /OV 20 NW PHL/TM 0638/FL130 /TP C560/SK OVC190/WX +RA/TB MOD/RM DURD
```
Report
a routine report filed through PHL
Where
20 northwest phl
Time
06:38 UTC
Height
at 13,000 ft
Aircraft
C560
Sky
overcast from 19,000 ft
Weather
heavy rain
Turbulence
moderate
Remarks
during the descent
B737 at 14,000 ft, 29 nm south, 1:15 am EDT (05:15 UTC): moderate turbulence, remarks: during the descent through clouds. 1873 nm along the route, 29 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
PHX UA /OV PXR339030/TM 0515/FL140/TP B737/TB OCNL MOD/RM DURD THROUGH CLOUDS
```
Report
a routine report filed through PHX
Where
30 nm north (339°) of PXR
Time
05:15 UTC
Height
at 14,000 ft
Aircraft
B737
Turbulence
occasional moderate
Remarks
during the descent through clouds
B763 at 800 ft, 7 nm southeast, 1:51 am EDT (05:51 UTC): a broken layer, remarks: bases at at 80,000 ft and tops 1500. At the departure end, 7 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
JFK UA /OV JFK 2 MILES SOUTHEAST/TM 0551/FL008/TP B763/SK BKN/RM BASES AT 800 AND TOPS 1500
```
Report
a routine report filed through JFK
Where
jfk 2 miles southeast
Time
05:51 UTC
Height
at 800 ft
Aircraft
B763
Sky
a broken layer
Remarks
bases at at 80,000 ft and tops 1500
MD83 climbing, 38 nm south, 1:04 am EDT (05:04 UTC): a routine report with nothing remarked on. 438 nm along the route, 38 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
CMH UA /OV LCK/TM 0504/FLDURC/TP MD83/SK B010 T037
```
Report
a routine report filed through CMH
Where
over LCK
Time
05:04 UTC
Height
during the climb
Aircraft
MD83
Sky
B010 T037
B38M at 29,000 ft, 36 nm north, 12:52 am EDT (04:52 UTC): no turbulence from 23,000 ft to 29,000 ft. 668 nm along the route, 36 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
TIP UA /OV RBS/TM 0452/FL290/TP B38M/TB NEG 230-290
```
Report
a routine report filed through TIP
Where
over RBS
Time
04:52 UTC
Height
at 29,000 ft
Aircraft
B38M
Turbulence
no from 23,000 ft to 29,000 ft
B739 at 1,800 ft, 14 nm northwest, 3:34 am EDT (07:34 UTC): a broken layer, 18 °C, remarks: bases 1,800 ft to the east. At the destination end, 14 nm northwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
SAN UA /OV FINAL RWY 27/TM 0734/FL018/TP B739/SK BKN/WX 4SM/TA 18/WV CALM/RM BASES 018 TO THE EAST
```
Report
a routine report filed through SAN
Where
final runway 27
Time
07:34 UTC
Height
at 1,800 ft
Aircraft
B739
Sky
a broken layer
Weather
4SM
Temperature
18 °C
Wind
calm
Remarks
bases 1,800 ft to the east
E75L at 700 ft, 14 nm northwest, 2:40 am EDT (06:40 UTC): a broken layer, 18 °C, wind 170° at 6 knots, remarks: rain bases 700 ft to the east. At the destination end, 14 nm northwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
SAN UA /OV FINAL RWY 27/TM 0640/FL007/TP E75L/SK BKN/WX 5SM/TA 18/WV 17006/RM -RA BASES 007 TO THE EAST
```
Report
a routine report filed through SAN
Where
final runway 27
Time
06:40 UTC
Height
at 700 ft
Aircraft
E75L
Sky
a broken layer
Weather
5SM
Temperature
18 °C
Wind
from 170° at 6 knots
Remarks
rain bases 700 ft to the east
BCS3 at 1,000 ft, 14 nm northwest, 2:20 am EDT (06:20 UTC): remarks: during the descent runway 27. At the destination end, 14 nm northwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
SAN UA /OV SAN/TM 0620/FL010/TP BCS3/SK BASE010/RM DURD RY27
```
Report
a routine report filed through SAN
Where
over SAN
Time
06:20 UTC
Height
at 1,000 ft
Aircraft
BCS3
Sky
BASE010
Remarks
during the descent runway 27
B737 at 2,500 ft, 14 nm northwest, 1:07 am EDT (05:07 UTC): a broken layer from 3,000 ft to 5,000 ft, remarks: during the descent runway 27. At the destination end, 14 nm northwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
SAN UA /OV SAN/TM 0507/FL025/TP B737/SK BKN030-TOP050/RM DURD RY27
```
Report
a routine report filed through SAN
Where
over SAN
Time
05:07 UTC
Height
at 2,500 ft
Aircraft
B737
Sky
a broken layer from 3,000 ft, tops 5,000 ft
Remarks
during the descent runway 27

Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 02:00–09:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed

The westbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: even thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 20 forecast points nearest it (JFK, AVP, PSB, AGC, CLE, CMH, FWA, IND, SPI, COU, MKC, SLN, GCK, PUB, ALS, ABQ, FMN, PRC, BLH, SAN). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.

Height	Average wind	Head- or tailwind	Temperature	Ground speed	Time en route	Arrival
4,500 ft	240° at 19 kt	+19 kt	18 °C	101 kt	21 h 07 min	9:44 pm PDT (04:44 UTC)
6,500 ft	250° at 18 kt	+19 kt	14 °C	101 kt	21 h 07 min	9:44 pm PDT (04:44 UTC)
8,500 ft	250° at 18 kt	+19 kt	10 °C	101 kt	21 h 07 min	9:44 pm PDT (04:44 UTC)
10,500 ft	240° at 18 kt	+19 kt	7 °C	101 kt	21 h 07 min	9:44 pm PDT (04:44 UTC)
12,500 ft	240° at 18 kt	+19 kt	3 °C	101 kt	21 h 07 min	9:44 pm PDT (04:44 UTC)
14,500 ft	240° at 22 kt	+23 kt	-1 °C	97 kt	21 h 59 min	10:36 pm PDT (05:36 UTC)
16,500 ft	240° at 26 kt	+27 kt	-5 °C	93 kt	22 h 55 min	11:32 pm PDT (06:32 UTC)
18,000 ft FL180	240° at 28 kt	+29 kt	-9 °C	91 kt	23 h 26 min	12:03 am PDT (07:03 UTC)
24,000 ft FL240	240° at 34 kt	+36 kt	-20 °C	84 kt	25 h 23 min	2:00 am PDT (09:00 UTC)
30,000 ft FL300	250° at 48 kt	+51 kt	-31 °C	69 kt	30 h 54 min	7:31 am PDT (14:31 UTC)
34,000 ft FL340	250° at 56 kt	+58 kt	-38 °C	62 kt	34 h 23 min	11:00 am PDT (18:00 UTC)
39,000 ft FL390	260° at 49 kt	+51 kt	-48 °C	69 kt	30 h 54 min	7:31 am PDT (14:31 UTC)

Based on data from the 12th at 00:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 06:00 UTC for use 02:00 to 09:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.

The forecast points as issued

Point	From	3,000	6,000	9,000	12,000	18,000	24,000	30,000	34,000	39,000
JFK	used from 0 nm out; 10 nm from the line	250/18	250/23 14°	240/33 9°	240/33 4°	240/38 -10°	240/45 -21°	230/86 -32°	230/102 -40°	230/84 -51°
AVP	used from 50 nm out; 47 nm from the line	150/5	350/13 12°	270/20 8°	260/17 4°	260/25 -11°	240/31 -22°	240/54 -35°	230/61 -41°	240/55 -49°
PSB	used from 149 nm out; 40 nm from the line		360/13 13°	330/14 7°	300/11 3°	290/12 -11°	240/23 -23°	270/25 -36°	250/34 -40°	250/45 -48°
AGC	used from 249 nm out; 29 nm from the line	350/14	330/20 11°	340/18 8°	330/17 3°	340/22 -11°	340/31 -22°	330/33 -36°	300/34 -41°	300/35 -47°
CLE	used from 349 nm out; 53 nm from the line	340/7	010/16 13°	350/18 8°	350/20 3°	340/31 -10°	340/46 -21°	340/54 -37°	330/62 -44°	340/65 -49°
CMH	used from 399 nm out; 30 nm from the line	330/15	340/22 14°	340/24 9°	340/23 4°	340/35 -9°	340/49 -20°	340/58 -37°	330/70 -42°	340/55 -47°
FWA	used from 498 nm out; 43 nm from the line	300/17	320/20 16°	330/20 10°	340/15 3°	310/27 -8°	320/37 -20°	330/52 -36°	330/65 -43°	330/60 -50°
IND	used from 548 nm out; 33 nm from the line	290/16	310/20 16°	320/21 10°	330/13 3°	300/25 -7°	320/32 -19°	330/46 -34°	320/61 -43°	320/63 -50°
SPI	used from 648 nm out; 73 nm from the line	220/21	250/23 16°	260/27 9°	270/14 6°	270/23 -7°	270/31 -19°	270/28 -33°	290/48 -42°	300/55 -52°
COU	used from 797 nm out; 62 nm from the line	230/31	230/30 15°	260/16 11°	270/14 6°	260/24 -6°	270/27 -18°	270/37 -32°	280/49 -41°	290/56 -51°
MKC	used from 897 nm out; 56 nm from the line	220/44	250/28 18°	250/18 13°	240/12 6°	280/24 -6°	240/34 -18°	260/47 -30°	260/51 -40°	270/58 -50°
SLN	used from 1046 nm out; 54 nm from the line	210/53	230/41 20°	240/26 14°	230/16 8°	240/25 -7°	240/35 -19°	250/61 -30°	260/65 -38°	260/56 -49°
GCK	used from 1196 nm out; 54 nm from the line		220/48 21°	230/37 14°	250/30 8°	230/37 -6°	240/37 -20°	240/69 -28°	250/67 -37°	260/58 -48°
PUB	used from 1395 nm out; 86 nm from the line			230/25 13°	230/32 6°	220/44 -8°	230/49 -21°	240/70 -28°	240/67 -34°	240/58 -46°
ALS	used from 1445 nm out; 73 nm from the line				230/37 4°	220/54 -9°	230/62 -22°	240/77 -26°	240/74 -33°	230/59 -45°
ABQ	used from 1544 nm out; 73 nm from the line			220/27 11°	210/35 5°	220/46 -9°	230/62 -20°	240/78 -25°	240/80 -35°	240/56 -47°
FMN	used from 1594 nm out; 59 nm from the line			220/28 9°	220/40 2°	220/53 -10°	220/62 -22°	230/79 -28°	240/91 -34°	230/71 -45°
PRC	used from 1744 nm out; 106 nm from the line			210/25 5°	200/30 1°	220/55 -10°	220/61 -21°	220/84 -28°	230/90 -34°	230/73 -45°
BLH	used from 1943 nm out; 36 nm from the line	210/13	200/21 11°	200/22 5°	210/25 -1°	210/51 -10°	220/61 -20°	220/81 -29°	220/92 -34°	220/79 -45°
SAN	used from 2092 nm out; 29 nm from the line	200/11	200/23 7°	210/27 4°	210/31 -3°	220/56 -10°	220/56 -19°	220/52 -30°	220/64 -37°	220/67 -44°

The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch

Airport	Where	Conditions	Wind	Visibility	Ceiling	Elevation	Reported
FRG Farmingdale, NY	departure	IFR Sky: overcast at 900 feet	from the north-northeast (030°) at 11 knots	10+ mi	900 ft	81 ft	2:53 am EDT (06:53 UTC)
LGA New York, NY	20 nm out, 3 nm north of the line, tower	IFR Sky: a broken layer at 900 feet, overcast at 1,400 feet	from the north-northeast (020°) at 10 knots	10+ mi	900 ft	20 ft	06:51 UTC
PIT Pittsburgh, PA	309 nm out, 8 nm south of the line, tower	low IFR Sky: overcast at 300 feet Weather: light drizzle, mist	from the northwest (320°) at 6 knots	4 mi	300 ft	1,202 ft	06:51 UTC
MIE Muncie, IN	548 nm out, 1 nm southeast of the line, tower	marginal VFR Weather: mist	from the south (180°) at 3 knots	5 mi	none	937 ft	06:53 UTC
DEC Decatur, IL	707 nm out, 3 nm south of the line, tower	VFR	from the south-southwest (210°) at 8 knots	10+ mi	none	681 ft	06:54 UTC
MKC Kansas City, MO	976 nm out, 5 nm northwest of the line, tower	VFR	from the south-southwest (200°) at 15 knots, gusting to 23	10+ mi	none	756 ft	06:54 UTC
GCK Garden City, KS	1275 nm out, 9 nm north of the line, tower	VFR	from the south-southwest (200°) at 20 knots, gusting to 32	10+ mi	none	2,890 ft	06:54 UTC
JHN Johnson City, KS	1325 nm out, 3 nm northwest of the line	VFR	from the south (190°) at 22 knots, gusting to 27	10+ mi	none	3,325 ft	07:15 UTC
SKX Taos, NM	1524 nm out, 3 nm southwest of the line	no report just now				7,094 ft
PRC Prescott, AZ	1873 nm out, 18 nm north of the line, tower	VFR Sky: a few clouds at 2,500 feet, a broken layer at 3,500 feet, overcast at 6,000 feet	from the south (180°) at 6 knots	10+ mi	3,500 ft	5,045 ft	06:53 UTC
RNM Ramona, CA	2112 nm out, 24 nm northwest of the line, tower	IFR Sky: a broken layer at 600 feet, a broken layer at 1,000 feet, overcast at 1,600 feet	from the west (270°) at 3 knots	7 mi	600 ft	1,394 ft	07:29 UTC
SDM San Diego, CA	destination	marginal VFR Sky: a broken layer at 2,400 feet, a broken layer at 3,000 feet, overcast at 3,600 feet Weather: light rain	calm	10+ mi	2,400 ft	526 ft	12:23 am PDT (07:23 UTC)

The highest airport on this list sits at 7,094 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.

At SDM when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 9:44 pm PDT (04:44 UTC)

SDM has no terminal forecast; use the nearest airport that does.

Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it

5/2811 NEW YORK, NY, Monday, October 20, 2025 through Tuesday, October 20, 2026 Local 4 nm from the route, at the departure end · security · until 20 October · ZNY
6/8829 Youngstown, OH, Monday, October 12, 2026 through Monday, October 12, 2026 Local 22 nm from the route, 329 nm along the route · a VIP movement · today · ZOB
6/8587 Youngstown, OH, Monday, October 12, 2026 through Monday, October 12, 2026 Local 2 nm from the route, 329 nm along the route · a VIP movement · today · ZOB
6/7634 CENTRALIA, MO, Monday, October 12, 2026 UTC 16 nm from the route, 867 nm along the route · a hazard on the ground (fire-fighting, a chemical spill, rescue work) · today · ZKC
6/4812 El Centro, CA, Wednesday, July 15, 2026 through Tuesday, July 13, 2027 Local 3 nm from the route, at the destination end · security · until 13 July · ZLA
6/2652 Coyote Wells, CA, Saturday, July 4, 2026 through Saturday, January 2, 2027 Local 16 nm from the route, at the destination end · security · until 2 January · ZLA

Daylight

Sunset at FRG 6:18 pm EDT (22:18 UTC), at SDM 6:17 pm PDT (01:17 UTC) (civil twilight ends 6:42 pm PDT (01:42 UTC)). At 120 knots the arrival at SDM is after sunset there (6:18 pm PDT (01:18 UTC)).

Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.

Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads

Radar now, the Northeast · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the central Great Lakes · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the upper Mississippi valley · loop National Weather Service

Radar, the whole country · loop National Weather Service

Surface analysis now Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Republic Airport, Brown Field Municipal.