Buffalo Niagara International to Luis Munoz Marin International BUF → SJU
1,607 nautical miles (1,849 statute miles) southeast on a straight line, true course 152°, about 163° magnetic at the departure end (variation 11W). At 120 knots that is 11 h 54 min at the quickest height in today's winds (15,500 ft, a 15-knot tailwind), arriving about 4:58 pm AST (20:58 UTC). For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 144 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.
The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words
Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.
Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of
- AIRMET SIERRA 3E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist, fog). Over the first 369 nm of the route.
- AIRMET SIERRA 4E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, mist). Over the route from 40 to 180 nm out.
- AIRMET TANGO 3W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 24,000 ft to 33,000 ft. Over the route from 160 to 319 nm out.
- AIRMET TANGO 3W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft (due to mountain wave) up to 6,000 ft. Over the route from 210 to 210 nm out.
- AIRMET TANGO 2W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 28,000 ft to 41,000 ft. Over the route from 339 to 379 nm out.
- AIRMET TANGO 1W: strong surface winds (30 knots or more) (due to sustained surface winds greater than 30 knots). Over the route from 479 to 559 nm out.
A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from BUF.
Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first
Not fetched just now.
Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 08:00–15:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed
The eastbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: odd thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 6 forecast points nearest it (BUF, PSB, ACY, ORF, ILM, MIA). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.
| Height | Average wind | Head- or tailwind | Temperature | Ground speed | Time en route | Arrival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,500 ft | 310° at 12 kt | −11 kt | 131 kt | 12 h 16 min | 5:20 pm AST (21:20 UTC) | |
| 5,500 ft | 320° at 12 kt | −12 kt | 12 °C | 132 kt | 12 h 10 min | 5:14 pm AST (21:14 UTC) |
| 7,500 ft | 320° at 13 kt | −12 kt | 12 °C | 132 kt | 12 h 10 min | 5:14 pm AST (21:14 UTC) |
| 9,500 ft | 320° at 14 kt | −13 kt | 9 °C | 133 kt | 12 h 05 min | 5:09 pm AST (21:09 UTC) |
| 11,500 ft | 320° at 15 kt | −14 kt | 6 °C | 134 kt | 12 h | 5:04 pm AST (21:04 UTC) |
| 13,500 ft | 310° at 16 kt | −14 kt | 1 °C | 134 kt | 12 h | 5:04 pm AST (21:04 UTC) |
| 15,500 ft | 300° at 18 kt | −15 kt | -2 °C | 135 kt | 11 h 54 min | 4:58 pm AST (20:58 UTC) |
| 17,500 ft | 290° at 20 kt | −15 kt | -6 °C | 135 kt | 11 h 54 min | 4:58 pm AST (20:58 UTC) |
| 18,000 ft FL180 | 290° at 21 kt | −15 kt | -7 °C | 135 kt | 11 h 54 min | 4:58 pm AST (20:58 UTC) |
| 24,000 ft FL240 | 280° at 23 kt | −12 kt | -19 °C | 132 kt | 12 h 10 min | 5:14 pm AST (21:14 UTC) |
| 30,000 ft FL300 | 270° at 30 kt | −11 kt | -33 °C | 131 kt | 12 h 16 min | 5:20 pm AST (21:20 UTC) |
| 34,000 ft FL340 | 270° at 35 kt | −14 kt | -41 °C | 134 kt | 12 h | 5:04 pm AST (21:04 UTC) |
| 39,000 ft FL390 | 280° at 28 kt | −15 kt | -51 °C | 135 kt | 11 h 54 min | 4:58 pm AST (20:58 UTC) |
Based on data from the 12th at 06:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 12:00 UTC for use 08:00 to 15:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.
The forecast points as issued
| Point | From | 3,000 | 6,000 | 9,000 | 12,000 | 18,000 | 24,000 | 30,000 | 34,000 | 39,000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BUF | used from 0 nm out; 25 nm from the line | 300/11 | 330/15 11° | 340/26 8° | 330/28 2° | 340/31 -10° | 340/32 -21° | 340/52 -37° | 340/59 -46° | 330/66 -53° |
| PSB | used from 50 nm out; 57 nm from the line | 020/21 12° | 360/28 7° | 360/29 1° | 350/33 -10° | 350/42 -22° | 350/49 -37° | 340/63 -43° | 350/39 -52° | |
| ACY | used from 200 nm out; 89 nm from the line | 350/12 | 340/12 11° | 340/12 6° | 340/13 2° | 270/10 -10° | 240/17 -23° | 230/46 -33° | 230/46 -40° | 240/46 -49° |
| ORF | used from 299 nm out; 79 nm from the line | 310/30 | 320/27 11° | 310/30 8° | 320/30 3° | 290/36 -8° | 270/40 -21° | 250/52 -32° | 250/50 -39° | 260/42 -48° |
| ILM | used from 599 nm out; 249 nm from the line | 300/18 | 300/22 13° | 300/21 8° | 290/28 4° | 280/38 -7° | 270/40 -18° | 250/49 -32° | 250/50 -40° | 270/33 -50° |
| MIA | used from 998 nm out; 566 nm from the line | L/V | L/V 17° | L/V 13° | L/V 8° | 270/6 -6° | 250/9 -17° | 290/17 -32° | 280/25 -41° | 280/21 -52° |
The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch
| Airport | Where | Conditions | Wind | Visibility | Ceiling | Elevation | Reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BUF Buffalo, NY | departure | no report just now | 726 ft | ||||
| UNV State College, PA | 130 nm out, 23 nm southwest of the line, tower | no report just now | 1,231 ft | ||||
| CXY Harrisburg, PA | 180 nm out, 4 nm southeast of the line, tower | no report just now | 346 ft | ||||
| MFV Melfa, VA | 349 nm out, 22 nm west of the line | no report just now | 47 ft | ||||
| SJU San Juan, PR | destination | no report just now | 9 ft |
The highest airport on this list sits at 1,231 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.
At SJU when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 4:58 pm AST (20:58 UTC)
SJU has no terminal forecast; use the nearest airport that does.
Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it
- 6/8800 Baltimore, MD, Saturday, October 17, 2026 through Sunday, October 18, 2026 UTC 14 nm from the route, 240 nm along the route · drones kept away from a public gathering · starts Saturday 17 October · ZDC
- 4/9383 WASHINGTON, DC., USA 13 nm from the route, 250 nm along the route · security · ZDC
- 6/8719 Greenwood, DE, Friday, October 16, 2026 through Saturday, October 17, 2026 UTC 12 nm from the route, 279 nm along the route · air shows/sports · starts Friday 16 October · ZDC
- 6/8886 Greenwood, DE, Sunday, October 18, 2026 UTC 12 nm from the route, 279 nm along the route · air shows/sports · starts Sunday 18 October · ZDC
- 6/4508 CEIBA, PR 24 nm from the route, at the destination end · security · ZSU
Daylight
Sunset at BUF 6:37 pm EDT (22:37 UTC), at SJU 6:03 pm AST (22:03 UTC) (civil twilight ends 6:25 pm AST (22:25 UTC)).
Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.
Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads
Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Buffalo Niagara International, Luis Munoz Marin International.