Lycoming IO-360-M1A
549 aircraft on the U.S. register carry a Lycoming IO-360-M1A engine, rated at about 180 horsepower. The Diamond Aircraft DA 40 Diamond Star is the model most often fitted with it (457 aircraft). The aircraft carrying it were built between 2003 and 2026.
The FAA records engines by code, usually at the level of a series ("O-320 series") rather than the exact variant; this page gathers every FAA code that reads as Lycoming IO-360-M1A (2 codes). FAA spellings: IO-360-M1A · IO-360-M1A+.
Fitted to model families
Diamond Aircraft DA 40 Diamond Star457Costruzioni Aeronautiche Tecna P201043Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.018Diamond Aircraft DA 42 Twin Star10Vulcanair VULCANAIR V1.02B&B Aviation Llc RV-7A1Bricker Gary RV-7A1Clough John F Iii VANS RV-8A1Dicus Bill VANS RV-81Giallo Joseph F Ii RV-7A1Greg O Wyatt VANS RV-71Hodnefield G E RV-8A1
Diamond Aircraft DA 40 Diamond Star · Costruzioni Aeronautiche Tecna P2010 · Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.0 · Diamond Aircraft DA 42 Twin Star · Vulcanair VULCANAIR V1.0 · B&B Aviation Llc RV-7A · Bricker Gary RV-7A · Clough John F Iii VANS RV-8A · Dicus Bill VANS RV-8 · Giallo Joseph F Ii RV-7A
Where they are owner's state
California62Utah61Tennessee40Texas39Florida30Delaware28Virginia22North Carolina21Colorado19Ohio14
Kind of aircraft
Piston singles539 (98%)Piston twins10 (2%)
When the aircraft were built by decade
What the FAA has certified, ordered and been told about the Lycoming IO-360-M1A the component layer
No FAA order in the current files names this engine series. Operators and repair shops have filed 128 failure reports with the FAA since 1995, 24 of them in the last ten years.
Failure reports 128 since · what operators and shops told the FAA
Parts most often reported as the reports name them
Pump19Starter9Blade5Bracket5Exhaust Header5Fuel Tank5Housing4Servo4Distributor Gear3Fork3
Latest reports
2026-08-06Exhaust Riser: severed
2025-06-19Attach Bolt: broken
2025-04-17Rocker: worn
2024-08-07Spring: pulled
2024-03-22Starter: inoperative
Sources: the FAA's type certificate data sheets, airworthiness directives, supplemental type certificates, special conditions and special airworthiness information bulletins (Dynamic Regulatory System), and the FAA's service difficulty reports. A failure report is what an operator or repair station chose to file; the counts show reporting as much as reliability, and larger and commercial fleets report more. How the systems are grouped.
Connections how this engine series links to the rest of the register
Fitted to
- Diamond Aircraft DA 40 Diamond Star 457 with this engine series
- Costruzioni Aeronautiche Tecna P2010 43 with this engine series
- Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.0 18 with this engine series
- Diamond Aircraft DA 42 Twin Star 10 with this engine series
Where they are
- California 62 of these aircraft
- Utah 61 of these aircraft
- Tennessee 40 of these aircraft
- Texas 39 of these aircraft
- Florida 30 of these aircraft
Biggest operators
- Utah State University 25 of these aircraft
- Middle Tennessee State University 24 of these aircraft
- Utah Valley University 17 of these aircraft
- Wings Over Texas Holdings LLC 10 of these aircraft
- Eva Flight Training Academy 10 of these aircraft
Airworthiness
- Failure reports on the Lycoming IO-360-M1A 128 reports since 1995
Analytics
These connections as data: /graph/engine/lycoming-io-360-m1a.json · about the eFlight graph.
Aircraft newest certificates first · 549
| Tail no. | Maker and model | Group | Owner and base | Certificate | Registered | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N720LM | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Tactical Integrated Training Solutions LLC Colorado Springs, Colorado |
Standard | 2020-12-04 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N598MT | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro, Tennessee |
Standard | 2020-12-02 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N599MT | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro, Tennessee |
Standard | 2020-11-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N397AM | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Diamond Star Da40 LLC Mapleton, Utah |
Standard | 2020-11-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N78US | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah State University Logan, Utah |
Standard | 2020-10-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N79US | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah State University Logan, Utah |
Standard | 2020-10-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N264DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Sky West Aviation INC Trustee Albuquerque, New Mexico |
Standard | 2020-10-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N791PS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Take Flight Aviation LLC Montgomery, New York |
Standard | 2020-09-28 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N298DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Individual owner Ohio |
Standard | 2020-09-10 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N432DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Individual owner Utah |
Standard | 2020-09-01 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N367US | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Edic Silva LLC Monte Sereno, California |
Standard | 2020-08-01 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N868US | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Mel Aviation LLC Johns Creek, Georgia |
Standard | 2020-07-30 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N115UV | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah Valley University Orem, Utah |
Standard | 2020-07-23 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N114UV | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah Vallet University Orem, Utah |
Standard | 2020-07-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N116UV | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah Valley University Orem, Utah |
Standard | 2020-07-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N118UV | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah Valley University Orem, Utah |
Standard | 2020-07-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N119UV | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah Valley University Orem, Utah |
Standard | 2020-07-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N237DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Individual owner West Virginia |
Standard | 2020-07-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N722ST | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Sky Ferry Aircraft Delivery LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2020-06-24 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N419AM | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Dymond Property Investments LLC Libertyville, Illinois |
Standard | 2020-06-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N386DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Midwest Corporate Air INC Bellefontaine, Ohio |
Standard | 2020-06-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N594MT | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro, Tennessee |
Standard | 2020-05-29 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N595MT | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro, Tennessee |
Standard | 2020-05-29 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N596MT | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro, Tennessee |
Standard | 2020-05-29 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N597MT | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro, Tennessee |
Standard | 2020-05-29 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N894DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Individual owner Nevada |
Standard | 2020-05-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N109UV | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah Valley University Orem, Utah |
Standard | 2020-05-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N110UV | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah Valley University Orem, Utah |
Standard | 2020-05-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N112UV | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah Valley University Orem, Utah |
Standard | 2020-05-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N113UV | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah Valley University Orem, Utah |
Standard | 2020-05-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N91GC | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Silver Bear Transport LLC Santa Ana, California |
Standard | 2020-05-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N669PS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | August 98 Aviation LLC Mclean, Virginia |
Standard | 2020-05-01 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N643J | Rosser Jere RV-8 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Tweety Aviation LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Experimental | 2020-04-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N137KC | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Ermg-1 Holdings LLC Coral Springs, Florida |
Standard | 2020-04-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N992DS | Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.0 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Delaware State University Aviation Program Dover, Delaware |
Standard | 2020-04-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N994DS | Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.0 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Delaware State University Dover, Delaware |
Standard | 2020-04-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N525DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Diamond Star LLC Daly City, California |
Standard | 2020-03-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N653DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Lucy LLC Fairhope, Alabama |
Standard | 2020-03-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N985DS | Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.0 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Delaware State University Aviation Program Dover, Delaware |
Standard | 2020-03-02 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N881UJ | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Burke Farm Management Service INC Waynesboro, Georgia |
Standard | 2020-02-28 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N117VA | Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.0 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Skywest Leasing INC St George, Utah |
Standard | 2020-02-24 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N329DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Individual owner North Carolina |
Standard | 2020-02-18 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N204BP | Costruzioni Aeronautiche Tecna P2010 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Barbers Point Flight School LLC Kapolei, Hawaii |
Standard | 2020-02-12 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N983DS | Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.0 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Delaware State University Aviation Program Dover, Delaware |
Standard | 2020-02-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N911KT | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Star-Aveo INC Trustee Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2020-02-10 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N982DS | Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.0 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Delaware State University Dover, Delaware |
Standard | 2020-01-28 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N52TJ | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Parker Helicopter LLC Watsonville, California |
Multiple | 2020-01-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N626Q | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Skywest Leasing INC Saint George, Utah |
Standard | 2020-01-24 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N420DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Papa Sierra LLC Huntsville, Alabama |
Standard | 2020-01-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N457TL | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Skywest Leasing INC St George, Utah |
Standard | 2020-01-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N502U | Costruzioni Aeronautiche Tecna P2010 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Tecnam US INC Sebring, Florida |
Standard | 2020-01-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N979DS | Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.0 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Delaware State University Dover, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-12-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N349DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro, Tennessee |
Standard | 2019-12-12 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N887BH | Ubu Technology Llc RV-7A |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Air Ventures LLC Sequim, Washington |
Experimental | 2019-11-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N789VV | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Individual owner Massachusetts |
Standard | 2019-11-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N978DS | Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.0 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Delaware State University Aviation Program Dover, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-11-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N171DS | Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.0 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Delaware State University Dover, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-10-23 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N779US | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah Valley University Orem, Utah |
Standard | 2019-10-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N786AM | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Center for Healthcare Education INC Riverside, California |
Standard | 2019-10-02 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N633DC | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Ritchie Holdings LLC Yorktown, Virginia |
Standard | 2019-09-30 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N970DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Airsaf LLC Falls Church, Virginia |
Standard | 2019-09-30 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N749DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah Valley University Orem, Utah |
Standard | 2019-09-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N126DS | Vulcanair S P A VULCANAIR V1.0 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Delaware State University Dover, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-09-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N704PA | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah State University Logan, Utah |
Standard | 2019-09-23 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N732DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Individual owner District of Columbia |
Standard | 2019-09-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N759PA | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah State University Logan, Utah |
Standard | 2019-09-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N4012X | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah Valley University Orem, Utah |
Standard | 2019-09-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N1244T | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro, Tennessee |
Standard | 2019-08-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N247CD | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro, Tennessee |
Standard | 2019-08-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N831JL | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah State University Logan, Utah |
Standard | 2019-07-31 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N966DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | N966Ds INC Trustee Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-07-23 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N605CA | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah State University Logan, Utah |
Standard | 2019-07-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N249DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Mountain Aviation LLC Salem, Virginia |
Standard | 2019-06-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N138RV | Rv-8 Alliance Llc VANS RV-8 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner New York |
Experimental | 2019-06-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N59GA | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Co-owned owner Kansas |
Standard | 2019-06-12 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N635DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Individual owner New Jersey |
Standard | 2019-05-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N969GL | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Individual owner Oregon |
Standard | 2019-05-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N230DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Westward Wind LTD Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-04-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N513DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Tactical Integrated Training Solutions LLC Colorado Springs, Colorado |
Standard | 2019-03-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N230DC | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah State University Logan, Utah |
Standard | 2019-03-23 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N7KP | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Sky Safety INC San Antonio, Texas |
Standard | 2019-03-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N468MA | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Sky Safety INC San Antonio, Texas |
Standard | 2019-03-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N123MZ | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Mj Aviators LLC Portland, Oregon |
Standard | 2019-03-02 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N127KC | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Utah State University Logan, Utah |
Standard | 2019-02-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N343SG | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Individual owner Colorado |
Standard | 2019-02-12 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N655DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Sky Safety INC San Antonio, Texas |
Standard | 2019-02-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N908DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Santihoy LLC Yonkers, New York |
Experimental | 2019-01-29 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N179DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Wright Brother Aviation LLC La Verne, California |
Standard | 2018-11-05 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N387DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Rone Aviation LLC Lexington, Kentucky |
Standard | 2018-11-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N691PS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Skywest Leasing INC St George, Utah |
Standard | 2018-09-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N232TX | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Individual owner Florida |
Standard | 2018-08-23 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N745DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Skywest Leasing INC Saint George, Utah |
Standard | 2018-08-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N323JT | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | G Case Elevation LLC Watertown, Massachusetts |
Standard | 2018-07-30 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N820DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Tino Equipment LLC Salisbury, North Carolina |
Standard | 2018-07-16 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N247DS | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Network Spares LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-07-10 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N777ZV | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | 777 Aviation LLC Bedford, Massachusetts |
Standard | 2018-06-18 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N37NA | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Parker Helicopter LLC Watsonville, California |
Standard | 2018-05-04 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N556LU | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Oriens Flight LLC Windsor, California |
Standard | 2018-03-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N382KD | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Five Star Marketing INC Raleigh, North Carolina |
Standard | 2018-01-23 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N136N | Diamond Aircraft DA 40 |
Electric airplane | Co-owned owner California |
Standard | 2017-12-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
Source: FAA Civil Aviation Registry, Releasable Aircraft Database (the engine reference table and each aircraft's engine code), October 5, 2026. Horsepower and thrust are the FAA's figures for the series, not for a particular aircraft.