North American F51 accident near Maricopa, Arizona, February 5, 2016
On February 5, 2016 at about 6:57 pm local time, a 1944 North American F51, registered N551JP, was substantially damaged in an accident during maneuvering (aerobatics) near Maricopa, Arizona. It was a personal flight under general aviation rules (Part 91). 2 people were killed. The weather was visual conditions (good weather).
The NTSB's probable cause their words, unchanged
The pilot’s failure to maintain airplane control while performing an acrobatic maneuver and his subsequent failure to recover from an inadvertent spin due to insufficient altitude.
Source: NTSB aviation accident database, copy made October 5, 2026. Docket and reports at the NTSB.
What the record shows
- Date
- February 5, 2016 · about 6:57 pm local time
- Place
- Maricopa, Arizona · map
- Type
- Accident
- Injuries
- 2 people were killed.
- Weather
- visual conditions (good weather)
- Aircraft
- North American F51 D, built 1944 · all F51s on the register
- Registration
- N551JP · registry record · serial 44-85634
- Damage
- Substantial damage
- Flight
- Personal flight · general aviation rules (Part 91)
The NTSB's narrative final · quoted from the NTSB record
The commercial pilot and pilot-rated passenger took off during the morning for a personal flight to perform aerobatic maneuvers in the World War II fighter airplane. Witnesses reported seeing the airplane performing acrobatic maneuvers. The airplane was last observed by the witnesses descending in a nose-down spiral until it impacted the ground, where a postimpact fire ensued. All the witnesses that commented about the airplane's engine stated that they heard the engine running during the nose-down spiraling descent, and some of the witnesses stated that they heard a change indicating that the engine was going from full power to a lower power setting. Postaccident examination of the airplane revealed no evidence of mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. A performance study based on radar data indicated that the airplane climbed rapidly from 5,700 to 7,700 ft mean sea level (msl), which required a significant nose-up attitude and a climb rate of over 8,000 ft per minute. It is likely that the airplane's airspeed slowed at the top of the climb and that the airplane experienced an accelerated stall and entered a spin. According to the airplane flight manual (AFM), power-on spins should never be intentionally performed in this airplane and recovery from a power-on spin required that the pilot close the throttle completely and apply controls for recovery. The manual stated that "after the rudder is applied for recovery, between 9,000 to 10,000 ft of altitude is lost." However, the maximum radar recorded altitude of 7,700 ft msl was about 6,426 ft above ground level; therefore, there was insufficient altitude available to recover the airplane from a spin. Further, the change in engine sound heard by some of the witnesses was consistent with the closing of the airplane's throttle during a power-on spin recovery as called for by the AFM. Although ethanol was detected in the pilot's tissue samples, the levels detected were not consistent with levels expected from ingestion, which suggests that the ethanol may have been from postmortem production. Further, the level detected in the liver was below that generally considered impairing. Therefore, given the low levels of ethanol detected, some or all which may have resulted from postmortem production, it is unlikely the ethanol detected impaired the pilot at the time of the accident. The pilot's medical records indicated that he had a history of atrial fibrillation that resulted in an embolic stroke about 4 years before the accident. The neurological deficits from the stoke had resolved, and his heart disease had been effectively treated with no evidence of recurrence. Therefore, there was no evidence that the pilot's medical condition contributed to the accident.
The complete narrative as the NTSB published it. The NTSB's docket holds the report as a PDF and any photographs, statements and other documents from the investigation.
The factual record from the NTSB's investigation tables, in plain English
What happened, in order
- Aerodynamic stall/spin during maneuvering (aerobatics) defining event
- Collision with terrain or object (not controlled flight into terrain) during uncontrolled descent
The NTSB's findings
- cause Personnel issues › Task performance › Use of equip/info › Aircraft control › Pilot
- cause Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability › Performance/control parameters › Altitude › Not specified
- cause Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability › Performance/control parameters › (general) › Not attained/maintained
- Personnel issues › Task performance › Planning/preparation › Performance calculations › Pilot
Pilot
- Certificate: commercial pilot
- Ratings: multi-engine land; single-engine land; instructor: airplane single-engine; instructor: helicopter; instrument: airplane; instrument: helicopter; rotorcraft: helicopter
- Flight time: 6,700 hours in all
- Medical certificate: Class 3 (with waivers/limitations)
- Seat: frt
- Injury: fatal
Pilot-Rated Passenger
- Certificate: airline transport pilot
- Ratings: multi-engine land; single-engine land; single-engine sea; instrument: airplane
- Flight time: 26,000 hours in all
- Medical certificate: Class 2 (with waivers/limitations)
- Seat: rear
- Injury: fatal
The aircraft
- Last inspection: annual inspection, August 10, 2015
- Maximum gross weight: 10,500 lb
- Seats: 2
- Landing gear: retractable
- Engine: Packard Rolls Royce V 1650-7 (piston); 0 hours total
The flight
- Departed from: P19 Chandler AZ
- Destination: P19 Chandler AZ
- Flight plan: none
Weather at the time
- Light: daylight
- Wind: from 010° at 6 knots
- Visibility: 10 statute miles
- Sky: clear
- Temperature: 59°F (15°C), dew point 19°F (-7°C)
- Altimeter: 30.36 inHg
- Observation at 6:55 pm from CGZ, 21 miles away
Injuries
| Fatal | Serious | Minor | None | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flight crew | 1 | |||
| Passengers | 1 |
Documents from the investigation the NTSB's docket: the evidence folder behind the report
The docket, the folder of records gathered during an investigation (maintenance records, photographs, witness statements, examinations), has not been read from the NTSB for this case yet; the list appears here once it has. Open the docket at the NTSB.
Everything on this page comes from the NTSB's public records. The narrative, probable cause and findings are the NTSB's own words; the coded tables behind the report are written out in plain English, with pilots' ages, home towns and medical details left out. The documents and photographs are the NTSB's docket, shown as the NTSB released them. This site's own text never names anyone involved. A preliminary report can change; the final report usually follows one to two years later, and the page is refreshed when it does.
