Plan a flight · Sun 11:31 pm EDT (03:31 UTC)

Louisville Muhammad Ali International to Republic Airport SDF → FRG

591 nautical miles (680 statute miles) east on a straight line, true course 071°, about 076° magnetic at the departure end (variation 5W). At 120 knots that is 3 h 47 min at the quickest height in today's winds (34,000 ft, a 36-knot tailwind), arriving about 3:18 am EDT (07:18 UTC), after sunset at the destination. Right now SDF is VFR, wind from the south-southeast (160°) at 3 knots; FRG is IFR, wind from the north (010°) at 11 knots. For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 2 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.

The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words

Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of

SIGMET E11E: thunderstorms (a convective SIGMET) up to 34,000 ft, moving from the southwest at 20 knots, until 12:55 am EDT (04:55 UTC). Over the route from 325 to 581 nm out.

as issued

WSUS31 KKCI 120255
MKCE WST 120255
CONVECTIVE SIGMET 11E
VALID UNTIL 0455Z
NY NJ PA DE MD VA DC WV AND DE NJ NY MD CT VA CSTL WTRS
FROM 20NE JFK-90SE SIE-20NNW ORF-30ENE EKN-10S JST-20NE JFK
AREA EMBD TS MOV FROM 24020KT. TOPS TO FL340.

AIRMET SIERRA 3E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist). Over the whole route.
AIRMET SIERRA 4E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, precipitation, mist). Over the route from 207 to 414 nm out.
AIRMET TANGO 3W: moderate turbulence above 18,000 ft from 21,000 ft to 33,000 ft. Over the last 335 nm of the route.
AIRMET TANGO 2W: moderate turbulence below 18,000 ft up to 13,000 ft. Over the last 138 nm of the route.

A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from SDF.

Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first

B38M at 29,000 ft, 18 nm north, 8:55 pm EDT (00:55 UTC): moderate turbulence above 29,000 ft, remarks: zob. 276 nm along the route, 18 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
MPG UA /OV AIR120030/TM 0055/FL290/TP B38M /TB OCNL MOD 290/RM ZOB
```
Report
a routine report filed through MPG
Where
30 nm southeast (120°) of AIR
Time
00:55 UTC
Height
at 29,000 ft
Aircraft
B38M
Turbulence
occasional moderate at 29,000 ft
Remarks
zob
B752 at 30,000 ft, 17 nm north, 10:26 pm EDT (02:26 UTC): moderate chop turbulence, remarks: zob. 384 nm along the route, 17 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
HGR UA /OV THS010020/TM 0226/FL300/TP B752/TB MOD CHOP/RM ZOB
```
Report
a routine report filed through HGR
Where
20 nm north (010°) of THS
Time
02:26 UTC
Height
at 30,000 ft
Aircraft
B752
Turbulence
moderate chop
Remarks
zob
UAL1558 at 30,000 ft, 13 nm north, 10:22 pm EDT (02:22 UTC): moderate turbulence, -36 °C, wind 240° at 50 knots. 394 nm along the route, 13 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
ARP UAL1558 4014N 07742W 0222 F300 MS36 240/050KT TB MODERATE SK CLEAR IC NONE
```
Report
a routine report filed through ARP
E145 at 12,000 ft, 9 nm southeast, 8:43 pm EDT (00:43 UTC): moderate turbulence. 453 nm along the route, 9 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
LNS UA /OV LRP/TM 0043/FL120/TP E145/TB CONS MOD
```
Report
a routine report filed through LNS
Where
over LRP
Time
00:43 UTC
Height
at 12,000 ft
Aircraft
E145
Turbulence
continuous moderate
E75L at 20,000 ft, 41 nm south, 8:41 pm EDT (00:41 UTC): moderate turbulence above 20,000 ft. 483 nm along the route, 41 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
ILG UA /OV DQO/TM 0041/FL200/TP E75L/TB MOD 200
```
Report
a routine report filed through ILG
Where
over DQO
Time
00:41 UTC
Height
at 20,000 ft
Aircraft
E75L
Turbulence
moderate at 20,000 ft
A21N at 18,000 ft, 11 nm south, 8:38 pm EDT (00:38 UTC): moderate clear-air turbulence. 492 nm along the route, 11 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
PTW UA /OV PTW/TM 0038/FL180/TP A21N/TB MOD CAT
```
Report
a routine report filed through PTW
Where
over PTW
Time
00:38 UTC
Height
at 18,000 ft
Aircraft
A21N
Turbulence
moderate clear-air turbulence
A319 at 23,000 ft, 35 nm south, 11:21 pm EDT (03:21 UTC): moderate turbulence. 532 nm along the route, 35 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
MJX UA /OV CYN345010/TM 0321/FL230/TP A319/TB MOD
```
Report
a routine report filed through MJX
Where
10 nm north (345°) of CYN
Time
03:21 UTC
Height
at 23,000 ft
Aircraft
A319
Turbulence
moderate
B38M at 6,000 ft, 6 nm northwest, 8:47 pm EDT (00:47 UTC): moderate turbulence. 561 nm along the route, 6 nm northwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
EWR UA /OV 2 NW OF EWR/TM 0047/FL60/TP B38M/TB MODERATE
```
Report
a routine report filed through EWR
Where
2 northwest of ewr
Time
00:47 UTC
Height
at 6,000 ft
Aircraft
B38M
Turbulence
moderate
BCS3 at 4,000 ft, 22 nm northeast, 8:42 pm EDT (00:42 UTC): moderate turbulence, imc. At the destination end, 22 nm northeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
BDR UA /OV BDR180010/TM 0042/FL040/TP BCS3/WX IMC/TB MOD
```
Report
a routine report filed through BDR
Where
10 nm south (180°) of BDR
Time
00:42 UTC
Height
at 4,000 ft
Aircraft
BCS3
Weather
instrument conditions
Turbulence
moderate
B38M at 21,000 ft, 8 nm south, 9:09 pm EDT (01:09 UTC): no turbulence, no icing. At the departure end, 8 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
SDF UA /OV IIU/TM 0109/FL210/TP B38M/TB NEG/IC NEG
```
Report
a routine report filed through SDF
Where
over IIU
Time
01:09 UTC
Height
at 21,000 ft
Aircraft
B38M
Turbulence
none
Icing
none
B712 at 600 ft, 25 nm south, 9:06 pm EDT (01:06 UTC): overcast. 49 nm along the route, 25 nm south of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
LEX UA /OV KLEX/TM 0106/FL006/TP B712/SK OVC B006
```
Report
a routine report filed through LEX
Where
over KLEX
Time
01:06 UTC
Height
at 600 ft
Aircraft
B712
Sky
overcast B006
BCS3 at 25,000 ft, 11 nm north, 8:58 pm EDT (00:58 UTC): light turbulence, no icing, remarks: during the climb. 217 nm along the route, 11 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
PKB UA /OV JPU/TM 0058/FL250/TP BCS3/TB LGT/IC NEG/RM DURC
```
Report
a routine report filed through PKB
Where
over JPU
Time
00:58 UTC
Height
at 25,000 ft
Aircraft
BCS3
Turbulence
light
Icing
none
Remarks
during the climb
E75S at 22,000 ft, 31 nm north, 10:51 pm EDT (02:51 UTC): light to moderate turbulence, remarks: zob. 345 nm along the route, 31 nm north of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
JST UA /OV JST/TM 0251/FL220/TP E75S/TB LGHT-MOD/RM ZOB
```
Report
a routine report filed through JST
Where
over JST
Time
02:51 UTC
Height
at 22,000 ft
Aircraft
E75S
Turbulence
lght-mod
Remarks
zob
C25B at 800 ft, 4 nm northwest, 9:41 pm EDT (01:41 UTC): remarks: bases 800 ft. 433 nm along the route, 4 nm northwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
MDT UA /OV CXY/TM 0141/FL008/TP C25B/RM BASES 008
```
Report
a routine report filed through MDT
Where
over CXY
Time
01:41 UTC
Height
at 800 ft
Aircraft
C25B
Remarks
bases 800 ft

16 more routine reports are on the map.

Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 02:00–09:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed

The eastbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: odd thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 8 forecast points nearest it (LOU, CVG, CRW, EKN, AGC, PSB, AVP, JFK). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.

Height	Average wind	Head- or tailwind	Temperature	Ground speed	Time en route	Arrival
3,500 ft	310° at 14 kt	−7 kt		127 kt	4 h 39 min	4:10 am EDT (08:10 UTC)
5,500 ft	330° at 17 kt	−4 kt	13 °C	124 kt	4 h 46 min	4:17 am EDT (08:17 UTC)
7,500 ft	320° at 18 kt	−6 kt	11 °C	126 kt	4 h 41 min	4:12 am EDT (08:12 UTC)
9,500 ft	320° at 19 kt	−8 kt	7 °C	128 kt	4 h 37 min	4:08 am EDT (08:08 UTC)
11,500 ft	320° at 16 kt	−7 kt	4 °C	127 kt	4 h 39 min	4:10 am EDT (08:10 UTC)
13,500 ft	310° at 17 kt	−9 kt	0 °C	129 kt	4 h 35 min	4:06 am EDT (08:06 UTC)
15,500 ft	310° at 19 kt	−10 kt	-4 °C	130 kt	4 h 33 min	4:04 am EDT (08:04 UTC)
17,500 ft	310° at 20 kt	−12 kt	-8 °C	132 kt	4 h 29 min	4:00 am EDT (08:00 UTC)
18,000 ft FL180	310° at 20 kt	−12 kt	-9 °C	132 kt	4 h 29 min	4:00 am EDT (08:00 UTC)
24,000 ft FL240	300° at 25 kt	−15 kt	-21 °C	135 kt	4 h 23 min	3:54 am EDT (07:54 UTC)
30,000 ft FL300	290° at 34 kt	−26 kt	-35 °C	146 kt	4 h 03 min	3:34 am EDT (07:34 UTC)
34,000 ft FL340	280° at 41 kt	−36 kt	-40 °C	156 kt	3 h 47 min	3:18 am EDT (07:18 UTC)
39,000 ft FL390	270° at 37 kt	−34 kt	-49 °C	154 kt	3 h 50 min	3:21 am EDT (07:21 UTC)

Based on data from the 12th at 00:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 06:00 UTC for use 02:00 to 09:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.

The forecast points as issued

Point	From	3,000	6,000	9,000	12,000	18,000	24,000	30,000	34,000	39,000
LOU	used from 0 nm out; 20 nm from the line	310/18	340/28 16°	340/29 10°	350/27 3°	330/27 -7°	340/39 -19°	330/58 -33°	330/67 -41°	330/40 -49°
CVG	used from 49 nm out; 35 nm from the line	320/18	350/32 16°	350/35 10°	350/30 3°	330/30 -7°	340/44 -20°	340/58 -35°	330/72 -41°	320/36 -49°
CRW	used from 148 nm out; 51 nm from the line	330/20	330/23 11°	340/25 8°	340/21 2°	340/33 -9°	340/41 -20°	330/42 -35°	320/44 -39°	320/43 -47°
EKN	used from 246 nm out; 40 nm from the line		330/21 12°	330/25 7°	350/22 2°	330/24 -10°	310/27 -21°	320/33 -35°	290/31 -39°	290/34 -47°
AGC	used from 295 nm out; 52 nm from the line	350/14	330/20 11°	340/18 8°	330/17 3°	340/22 -11°	340/31 -22°	330/33 -36°	300/34 -41°	300/35 -47°
PSB	used from 345 nm out; 58 nm from the line		360/13 13°	330/14 7°	300/11 3°	290/12 -11°	240/23 -23°	270/25 -36°	250/34 -40°	250/45 -48°
AVP	used from 443 nm out; 64 nm from the line	150/5	350/13 12°	270/20 8°	260/17 4°	260/25 -11°	240/31 -22°	240/54 -35°	230/61 -41°	240/55 -49°
JFK	used from 492 nm out; 57 nm from the line	250/18	250/23 14°	240/33 9°	240/33 4°	240/38 -10°	240/45 -21°	230/86 -32°	230/102 -40°	230/84 -51°

The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch

Airport	Where	Conditions	Wind	Visibility	Ceiling	Elevation	Reported
SDF Louisville, KY	departure	VFR	from the south-southeast (160°) at 3 knots	10+ mi	none	500 ft	10:56 pm EDT (02:56 UTC)
LEX Lexington, KY	49 nm out, 25 nm south of the line, tower	marginal VFR Sky: overcast at 1,800 feet	from the west-southwest (250°) at 3 knots	9 mi	1,800 ft	979 ft	02:54 UTC
AMT West Union, OH	108 nm out, 7 nm north of the line	no report just now				896 ft
JRO Jackson, OH	158 nm out, 2 nm west of the line	IFR Sky: a broken layer at 600 feet, overcast at 1,100 feet	variable at 4 knots	10+ mi	600 ft	726 ft	03:15 UTC
PKB Parkersburg, WV	217 nm out, 7 nm northwest of the line, tower	low IFR Sky: overcast at 400 feet Weather: mist	from the northwest (310°) at 5 knots	2.5 mi	400 ft	858 ft	03:28 UTC
MGW Morgantown, WV	286 nm out, 4 nm north of the line, tower	IFR Sky: a broken layer at 600 feet, a broken layer at 1,300 feet, overcast at 5,500 feet Weather: light rain	calm	10+ mi	600 ft	1,243 ft	03:06 UTC
CBE Cumberland, MD	335 nm out, 11 nm southeast of the line	marginal VFR Sky: overcast at 1,900 feet Weather: light rain	calm	10+ mi	1,900 ft	757 ft	03:15 UTC
HGR Hagerstown, MD	384 nm out, 17 nm south of the line, tower	IFR Sky: a few clouds at 400 feet, scattered clouds at 1,100 feet, overcast at 2,100 feet Weather: rain, mist	from the north (010°) at 11 knots	1.75 mi	2,100 ft	703 ft	03:19 UTC
MDT Harrisburg, PA	433 nm out, 1 nm northeast of the line, tower	IFR Sky: overcast at 800 feet	from the northwest (320°) at 4 knots	9 mi	800 ft	310 ft	03:25 UTC
RDG Reading, PA	473 nm out, 3 nm north of the line, tower	IFR Sky: overcast at 800 feet Weather: mist	from the northeast (040°) at 9 knots	4 mi	800 ft	343 ft	02:54 UTC
JFK New York, NY	571 nm out, 3 nm southeast of the line, tower	IFR Sky: a broken layer at 700 feet, overcast at 2,500 feet Weather: light rain	from the north-northeast (020°) at 14 knots	8 mi	700 ft	13 ft	02:51 UTC
FRG Farmingdale, NY	destination	IFR Sky: overcast at 600 feet Weather: light rain	from the north (010°) at 11 knots	10+ mi	600 ft	81 ft	10:53 pm EDT (02:53 UTC)

The highest airport on this list sits at 1,243 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.

At FRG when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 3:18 am EDT (07:18 UTC)

FRG has no terminal forecast; use the nearest airport that does.

The forecast for SDF, the departure

From Sun 8:00 pm EDT (00:00 UTC): wind from the west-northwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a broken layer at 2,500 feet
From Sun 8:30 pm EDT (00:30 UTC): wind from the southwest at 3 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
From Mon 6:00 am EDT (10:00 UTC): wind from the south-southeast at 3 knots, visibility 4 miles, mist, clear skies
From Mon 9:00 am EDT (13:00 UTC): wind from the south-southwest at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies

Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it

5/2811 NEW YORK, NY, Monday, October 20, 2025 through Tuesday, October 20, 2026 Local 7 nm from the route, 561 nm along the route · security · until 20 October · ZNY

Daylight

Sunset at SDF 7:09 pm EDT (23:09 UTC), at FRG 6:18 pm EDT (22:18 UTC) (civil twilight ends 6:45 pm EDT (22:45 UTC)). At 120 knots the arrival at FRG is before sunrise there (7:01 am EDT (11:01 UTC)).

Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.

Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads

Radar now, the central Great Lakes · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the Northeast · loop National Weather Service

Radar, the whole country · loop National Weather Service

Surface analysis now Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Louisville Muhammad Ali International, Republic Airport.