Plan a flight · Mon 10:39 am EDT (14:39 UTC)

Massena Intl-Richards Field to Buffalo Niagara International MSS → BUF

206 nautical miles (237 statute miles) southwest on a straight line, true course 236°, about 250° magnetic at the departure end (variation 14W). At 120 knots that is 1 h 47 min at the quickest height in today's winds (12,500 ft, a 5-knot headwind), arriving about 12:26 pm EDT (16:26 UTC). Right now MSS is marginal VFR, wind from the southwest (230°) at 7 knots; BUF is marginal VFR, wind from the west-southwest (240°) at 8 knots. For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 1 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.

The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words

Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of

AIRMET SIERRA 3E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist). Over the whole route.
AIRMET SIERRA 4E: mountains obscured by cloud (due to mountains obscured by clouds, mist). Near the route, at the departure end.

A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from MSS.

Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first

B777 at 37,000 ft, 23 nm east, 9:16 am EDT (13:16 UTC): moderate turbulence. At the departure end, 23 nm east of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
MSS UA /OV MAL/TM 1316/FL370/TP B777/TB MOD
```
Report
a routine report filed through MSS
Where
over MAL
Time
13:16 UTC
Height
at 37,000 ft
Aircraft
B777
Turbulence
moderate
B77W at 36,000 ft, 4 nm southwest, 8:21 am EDT (12:21 UTC): moderate clear-air turbulence. 49 nm along the route, 4 nm southwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
ART UA /OV ART030030/TM 1221/FL360/TP B77W/TB CONS MOD CAT
```
Report
a routine report filed through ART
Where
30 nm northeast (030°) of ART
Time
12:21 UTC
Height
at 36,000 ft
Aircraft
B77W
Turbulence
continuous moderate clear-air turbulence
B77W at 36,000 ft, 7 nm east, 8:18 am EDT (12:18 UTC): moderate clear-air turbulence. 49 nm along the route, 7 nm east of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
OGS UA /OV CURDS/TM 1218/FL360/TP B77W/TB CONS MOD CAT
```
Report
a routine report filed through OGS
Where
curds
Time
12:18 UTC
Height
at 36,000 ft
Aircraft
B77W
Turbulence
continuous moderate clear-air turbulence
C402 at 7,000 ft, 43 nm southeast, 10:27 am EDT (14:27 UTC): no turbulence. At the departure end, 43 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
SLK UA /OV SLK/TM 1427/FL070/TP C402/SK BASE 007 TOP 055/TB NEG
```
Report
a routine report filed through SLK
Where
over SLK
Time
14:27 UTC
Height
at 7,000 ft
Aircraft
C402
Sky
base 700 ft top 5,500 ft
Turbulence
none
P212 at 6,000 ft, 43 nm southeast, 8:12 am EDT (12:12 UTC): remarks: during the climb KSLK. At the departure end, 43 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
SLK UA /OV SLK/TM 1212/FL060/TP P212/SK BASE 003-004/RM DURC KSLK
```
Report
a routine report filed through SLK
Where
over SLK
Time
12:12 UTC
Height
at 6,000 ft
Aircraft
P212
Sky
base from 300 ft to 400 ft
Remarks
during the climb KSLK
B38M at 35,000 ft, 33 nm southeast, 8:35 am EDT (12:35 UTC): light to moderate turbulence above 35,000 ft. 20 nm along the route, 33 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
SLK UA /OV SLK270030/TM 1235/FL350/TP B38M/TB LGT-MOD 350
```
Report
a routine report filed through SLK
Where
30 nm west (270°) of SLK
Time
12:35 UTC
Height
at 35,000 ft
Aircraft
B38M
Turbulence
light to moderate at 35,000 ft
B739 at 35,000 ft, 44 nm southeast, 9:45 am EDT (13:45 UTC): no turbulence. 88 nm along the route, 44 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
ART UA /OV ART190030/TM 1345/FL350/TP B739/TB NEG
```
Report
a routine report filed through ART
Where
30 nm south (190°) of ART
Time
13:45 UTC
Height
at 35,000 ft
Aircraft
B739
Turbulence
none
CRJ9 at 3,500 ft, 20 nm southeast, 10:23 am EDT (14:23 UTC): a routine report with nothing remarked on. 167 nm along the route, 20 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
ROC UA /OV ROC/TM 1423/FL035/TP CRJ9/SK TOPS 035
```
Report
a routine report filed through ROC
Where
over ROC
Time
14:23 UTC
Height
at 3,500 ft
Aircraft
CRJ9
Sky
tops 3,500 ft
CRJ9 at 1,000 ft, 20 nm southeast, 10:23 am EDT (14:23 UTC): a routine report with nothing remarked on. 167 nm along the route, 20 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
ROC UA /OV ROC/TM 1423/FL010/TP CRJ9/SK BASES 010
```
Report
a routine report filed through ROC
Where
over ROC
Time
14:23 UTC
Height
at 1,000 ft
Aircraft
CRJ9
Sky
bases 1,000 ft
E75L at 3,500 ft, 20 nm southeast, 9:25 am EDT (13:25 UTC): a routine report with nothing remarked on. 167 nm along the route, 20 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
ROC UA /OV ROC/TM 1325/FL035/TP E75L/SK TOPS 035 BASES 006
```
Report
a routine report filed through ROC
Where
over ROC
Time
13:25 UTC
Height
at 3,500 ft
Aircraft
E75L
Sky
tops 3,500 ft bases 600 ft
F2TH at 800 ft, 23 nm southeast, 8:13 am EDT (12:13 UTC): overcast above 800 ft, remarks: tops 3,700 ft bases 800 ft. 167 nm along the route, 23 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
ROC UA /OV ROC190005/TM 1213/FL008/TP F2TH/SK 008 OVC/RM TOPS 037 BASES 008
```
Report
a routine report filed through ROC
Where
5 nm south (190°) of ROC
Time
12:13 UTC
Height
at 800 ft
Aircraft
F2TH
Sky
at 800 ft overcast
Remarks
tops 3,700 ft bases 800 ft
B737 at 3,200 ft, 2 nm northwest, 8:40 am EDT (12:40 UTC): a routine report with nothing remarked on. 196 nm along the route, 2 nm northwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
BUF UA /OV BUF050010/TM 1240/FL032/TP B737/SK BASES 011 TOPS 032
```
Report
a routine report filed through BUF
Where
10 nm northeast (050°) of BUF
Time
12:40 UTC
Height
at 3,200 ft
Aircraft
B737
Sky
bases 1,100 ft tops 3,200 ft
H25B at 500 ft, 14 nm northwest, 10:28 am EDT (14:28 UTC): remarks: drud. At the destination end, 14 nm northwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
IAG UA /OV KIAG/TM 1428/FL005/TP H25B/SK BASES 005 TOPS UNKN/RM DRUD
```
Report
a routine report filed through IAG
Where
over KIAG
Time
14:28 UTC
Height
at 500 ft
Aircraft
H25B
Sky
bases 500 ft tops unknown
Remarks
drud
K35R at 900 ft, 14 nm northwest, 9:57 am EDT (13:57 UTC): remarks: druc. At the destination end, 14 nm northwest of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
IAG UA /OV KIAG/TM 1357/FL009/TP K35R/SK BASES 009 TOPS UNKN/RM DRUC
```
Report
a routine report filed through IAG
Where
over KIAG
Time
13:57 UTC
Height
at 900 ft
Aircraft
K35R
Sky
bases 900 ft tops unknown
Remarks
druc

3 more routine reports are on the map.

Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 14:00–21:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed

The westbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: even thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 2 forecast points nearest it (SYR, BUF). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.

Height	Average wind	Head- or tailwind	Temperature	Ground speed	Time en route	Arrival
4,500 ft	300° at 25 kt	+12 kt		108 kt	1 h 54 min	12:33 pm EDT (16:33 UTC)
6,500 ft	310° at 28 kt	+9 kt	12 °C	111 kt	1 h 51 min	12:30 pm EDT (16:30 UTC)
8,500 ft	310° at 32 kt	+9 kt	9 °C	111 kt	1 h 51 min	12:30 pm EDT (16:30 UTC)
10,500 ft	310° at 32 kt	+7 kt	5 °C	113 kt	1 h 49 min	12:28 pm EDT (16:28 UTC)
12,500 ft	320° at 31 kt	+5 kt	1 °C	115 kt	1 h 47 min	12:26 pm EDT (16:26 UTC)
14,500 ft	310° at 31 kt	+8 kt	-3 °C	112 kt	1 h 50 min	12:29 pm EDT (16:29 UTC)
16,500 ft	300° at 31 kt	+11 kt	-7 °C	109 kt	1 h 53 min	12:32 pm EDT (16:32 UTC)
18,000 ft FL180	300° at 31 kt	+13 kt	-10 °C	107 kt	1 h 56 min	12:35 pm EDT (16:35 UTC)
24,000 ft FL240	300° at 38 kt	+17 kt	-21 °C	103 kt	2 h	12:39 pm EDT (16:39 UTC)
30,000 ft FL300	300° at 45 kt	+21 kt	-37 °C	99 kt	2 h 05 min	12:44 pm EDT (16:44 UTC)
34,000 ft FL340	300° at 57 kt	+20 kt	-47 °C	100 kt	2 h 04 min	12:43 pm EDT (16:43 UTC)
39,000 ft FL390	310° at 63 kt	+19 kt	-53 °C	101 kt	2 h 02 min	12:41 pm EDT (16:41 UTC)

Based on data from the 12th at 12:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 18:00 UTC for use 14:00 to 21:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.

The forecast points as issued

Point	From	3,000	6,000	9,000	12,000	18,000	24,000	30,000	34,000	39,000
SYR	used from 0 nm out; 102 nm from the line	290/24	310/27 13°	310/34 8°	320/32 2°	300/32 -10°	300/40 -21°	300/45 -37°	310/58 -47°	310/64 -54°
BUF	used from 147 nm out; 34 nm from the line	270/25	300/28 14°	300/29 8°	310/29 2°	300/30 -9°	290/33 -21°	290/44 -37°	290/56 -47°	300/62 -51°

The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch

Airport	Where	Conditions	Wind	Visibility	Ceiling	Elevation	Reported
MSS Massena, NY	departure	marginal VFR Sky: overcast at 1,600 feet	from the southwest (230°) at 7 knots	10+ mi	1,600 ft	221 ft	10:27 am EDT (14:27 UTC)
OGS Ogdensburg, NY	29 nm out, 2 nm northwest of the line	marginal VFR Sky: a broken layer at 1,000 feet, overcast at 1,300 feet Weather: mist	from the west-southwest (240°) at 4 knots	5 mi	1,000 ft	301 ft	14:15 UTC
ART Watertown, NY	69 nm out, 19 nm south of the line	low IFR Sky: overcast at 400 feet Weather: mist	from the west-southwest (240°) at 4 knots	4 mi	400 ft	330 ft	13:56 UTC
ROC Rochester, NY	167 nm out, 20 nm southeast of the line, tower	IFR Sky: overcast at 600 feet Weather: mist	variable at 6 knots	5 mi	600 ft	558 ft	14:07 UTC
BUF Buffalo, NY	destination	marginal VFR Sky: a few clouds at 900 feet, overcast at 1,400 feet Weather: light drizzle	from the west-southwest (240°) at 8 knots	10+ mi	1,400 ft	726 ft	10:25 am EDT (14:25 UTC)

The highest airport on this list sits at 726 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.

At BUF when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 12:26 pm EDT (16:26 UTC)

Wind from the west-southwest at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, overcast at 1,200 feet marginal VFR

The whole forecast for BUF

From Mon 8:00 am EDT (12:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 4 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 700 feet, overcast at 1,500 feet
From Mon 11:00 am EDT (15:00 UTC): wind from the west-southwest at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, overcast at 1,200 feet
From Mon 2:00 pm EDT (18:00 UTC): wind from the west-southwest at 10 knots, gusting to 18, visibility more than 6 miles, a broken layer at 3,000 feet
From Mon 7:00 pm EDT (23:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 8 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a broken layer at 20,000 feet
From Mon 9:00 pm EDT (01:00 UTC): wind from the south-southwest at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, low-level wind shear, scattered clouds at 20,000 feet
From Tue 5:00 am EDT (09:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 8 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 9,000 feet
30% chance between Tue 6:00 am EDT (10:00 UTC) and 8:00 am EDT (12:00 UTC): visibility 4 miles, light rain showers, a broken layer at 7,000 feet

The forecast for MSS, the departure

From Mon 8:00 am EDT (12:00 UTC): wind from the southwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, overcast at 1,300 feet
30% chance between Mon 4:00 pm EDT (20:00 UTC) and 5:00 pm EDT (21:00 UTC): visibility 5 miles, light rain showers, mist
From Mon 5:00 pm EDT (21:00 UTC): wind from the north-northwest at 5 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, light rain showers, overcast at 1,200 feet
From Mon 7:00 pm EDT (23:00 UTC): wind from the north at 5 knots, visibility 6 miles, mist, overcast at 1,100 feet
30% chance between Mon 7:00 pm EDT (23:00 UTC) and 8:00 pm EDT (00:00 UTC): visibility 5 miles, light rain showers, mist
From Mon 8:00 pm EDT (00:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility 5 miles, light rain showers, mist, overcast at 1,000 feet
From Mon 10:00 pm EDT (02:00 UTC): wind from the east-northeast at 9 knots, visibility 6 miles, light rain showers, mist, overcast at 1,500 feet
From Tue 6:00 am EDT (10:00 UTC): wind from the east-northeast at 10 knots, visibility 4 miles, light rain showers, mist, overcast at 900 feet

Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it

No temporary flight restriction on or near this route right now.

Daylight

Sunset at MSS 6:20 pm EDT (22:20 UTC), at BUF 6:37 pm EDT (22:37 UTC) (civil twilight ends 7:06 pm EDT (23:06 UTC)).

Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.

Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads

Radar now, the Northeast · loop National Weather Service

Radar, the whole country · loop National Weather Service

Surface analysis now Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Massena Intl-Richards Field, Buffalo Niagara International.