Plan a flight · Mon 1:51 am CDT (06:51 UTC)

Joe Foss Field to South Bend International FSD → SBN

474 nautical miles (545 statute miles) east on a straight line, true course 100°, about 095° magnetic at the departure end (variation 5E). At 120 knots that is 2 h 39 min at the quickest height in today's winds (39,000 ft, a 59-knot tailwind), arriving about 5:30 am EDT (09:30 UTC), after sunset at the destination. Right now FSD is VFR, wind from the north-northeast (020°) at 7 knots; SBN is VFR, wind calm. For planning, not a briefing: the legal preflight briefing comes from Flight Service (1-800-WX-BRIEF) or the FAA's own tools. Airlines fly this pair: 2 flights in the DOT's last twelve reported months, the route's page.

The route the straight line, the warnings crossed, restrictions, pilot reports and the airports along the way · click a mark for its words

Green, blue, red and purple airport dots are the flying conditions reported there now (VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, low IFR); grey means no report. Red areas are SIGMETs, orange areas AIRMETs, hatched red areas temporary flight restrictions. Map tiles: OpenFreeMap, data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Warnings the route crosses SIGMETs and AIRMETs whose area the line passes through or comes within 25 nm of

AIRMET TANGO 3W: low-level wind shear (due to air speed loss or gain of 20 knots or more below 2,000 ft above the ground). Over the route from 89 to 306 nm out.
AIRMET SIERRA 3E: low cloud or poor visibility (IFR conditions) (due to ceilings below 1,000 ft, visibility below 3 miles, precipitation, mist). Over the last 30 nm of the route.

A SIGMET warns of weather hazardous to all aircraft; an AIRMET of weather that matters to small aircraft and to flying without instruments. "From 60 to 180 nm out" is measured along the route from FSD.

Pilot reports along the route within 50 nm of the line, last three hours, the serious ones first

LJ45 at 10,000 ft, 46 nm southeast, 11:31 pm CDT (04:31 UTC): no turbulence, clear, remarks: ground fog at fwa FV10SM on final runway 14. At the destination end, 46 nm southeast of the line.
as filed, and in English
```
FWA UA /OV OLK/TM 0431/FL100/TP LJ45/SK CLR/TB SMOOTH/RM GROUND FOG AT FWA. FV10SM ON FINAL RY 14
```
Report
a routine report filed through FWA
Where
over OLK
Time
04:31 UTC
Height
at 10,000 ft
Aircraft
LJ45
Sky
clear
Turbulence
smooth
Remarks
ground fog at fwa FV10SM on final runway 14

Winds aloft along the route, and the time en route the forecast for use 02:00–09:00 UTC · at 120 knots true airspeed

The eastbound cruising heights for this course (VFR: odd thousands plus 500 ft; above 18,000 ft the forecast levels), with the wind averaged along the line from the 4 forecast points nearest it (FSD, MCW, DBQ, JOT). A plus sign is a headwind, a minus sign a tailwind.

Height	Average wind	Head- or tailwind	Temperature	Ground speed	Time en route	Arrival
3,500 ft	230° at 26 kt	−17 kt		137 kt	3 h 28 min	6:19 am EDT (10:19 UTC)
5,500 ft	250° at 27 kt	−22 kt		142 kt	3 h 20 min	6:11 am EDT (10:11 UTC)
7,500 ft	250° at 21 kt	−18 kt	13 °C	138 kt	3 h 26 min	6:17 am EDT (10:17 UTC)
9,500 ft	250° at 16 kt	−13 kt	10 °C	133 kt	3 h 34 min	6:25 am EDT (10:25 UTC)
11,500 ft	250° at 15 kt	−12 kt	6 °C	132 kt	3 h 35 min	6:26 am EDT (10:26 UTC)
13,500 ft	250° at 16 kt	−14 kt	2 °C	134 kt	3 h 32 min	6:23 am EDT (10:23 UTC)
15,500 ft	260° at 18 kt	−17 kt	-2 °C	137 kt	3 h 28 min	6:19 am EDT (10:19 UTC)
17,500 ft	260° at 21 kt	−19 kt	-7 °C	139 kt	3 h 25 min	6:16 am EDT (10:16 UTC)
18,000 ft FL180	260° at 21 kt	−20 kt	-8 °C	140 kt	3 h 23 min	6:14 am EDT (10:14 UTC)
24,000 ft FL240	270° at 27 kt	−26 kt	-20 °C	146 kt	3 h 15 min	6:06 am EDT (10:06 UTC)
30,000 ft FL300	260° at 33 kt	−31 kt	-34 °C	151 kt	3 h 08 min	5:59 am EDT (09:59 UTC)
34,000 ft FL340	270° at 47 kt	−46 kt	-43 °C	166 kt	2 h 51 min	5:42 am EDT (09:42 UTC)
39,000 ft FL390	280° at 58 kt	−59 kt	-51 °C	179 kt	2 h 39 min	5:30 am EDT (09:30 UTC)

Based on data from the 12th at 00:00 UTC; valid on the 12th at 06:00 UTC for use 02:00 to 09:00 UTC; temperatures above 24,000 ft are below zero. Heights are above sea level; a height is left out when the forecast has no wind for it over most of the line (the ground is higher). Ground speed is the airspeed less the headwind; the time en route is for the straight line and ignores climb, descent and routing around weather.

The forecast points as issued

Point	From	3,000	6,000	9,000	12,000	18,000	24,000	30,000	34,000	39,000
FSD	used from 0 nm out; 25 nm from the line	190/9	230/30 18°	240/23 13°	240/20 6°	260/22 -9°	250/31 -21°	250/43 -36°	260/49 -43°	270/53 -47°
MCW	used from 99 nm out; 28 nm from the line	220/44	250/30 17°	230/14 12°	240/17 6°	250/22 -8°	270/29 -20°	250/34 -34°	260/52 -43°	260/59 -51°
DBQ	used from 197 nm out; 53 nm from the line	230/33	250/30 16°	280/15 9°	260/15 5°	260/21 -7°	260/24 -20°	250/37 -33°	270/42 -43°	280/63 -52°
JOT	used from 345 nm out; 44 nm from the line	250/23	270/22 15°	250/16 10°	240/9 4°	280/22 -7°	280/29 -19°	300/29 -34°	290/50 -43°	300/64 -52°

The weather now: both ends and the airports along the way public airports with a weather report within 25 nm of the line, one for each stretch

Airport	Where	Conditions	Wind	Visibility	Ceiling	Elevation	Reported
FSD Sioux Falls, SD	departure	VFR	from the north-northeast (020°) at 7 knots	10+ mi	none	1,430 ft	12:56 am CDT (05:56 UTC)
RRQ Rock Rapids, IA	30 nm out, 5 nm southwest of the line	no report just now				1,363 ft
EST Estherville, IA	89 nm out, 6 nm north of the line	VFR	from the south (190°) at 5 knots	10+ mi	none	1,318 ft	05:49 UTC
FXY Forest City, IA	138 nm out, 6 nm north of the line	VFR	from the south-southeast (160°) at 6 knots	10+ mi	none	1,229 ft	06:30 UTC
MCW Mason City, IA	148 nm out, 5 nm northeast of the line	VFR	from the south (180°) at 9 knots	10+ mi	none	1,213 ft	05:53 UTC
ALO Waterloo, IA	197 nm out, 22 nm south of the line, tower	VFR	from the south (180°) at 8 knots	10+ mi	none	873 ft	05:54 UTC
DBQ Dubuque, IA	276 nm out, 13 nm southwest of the line, tower	VFR	from the south-southwest (200°) at 9 knots	10+ mi	none	1,076 ft	05:53 UTC
FEP Freeport, IL	326 nm out, 10 nm south of the line	VFR	from the south-southwest (210°) at 11 knots, gusting to 17	10+ mi	none	859 ft	06:35 UTC
RFD Chicago/Rockford, IL	345 nm out, 7 nm south of the line, tower	VFR Sky: a broken layer at 25,000 feet	calm	10+ mi	25,000 ft	742 ft	05:54 UTC
PWK Chicago/Prospect Heights/Wheeling, IL	395 nm out, 5 nm east of the line, tower	VFR	calm	10+ mi	none	644 ft	05:52 UTC
MGC Michigan City, IN	454 nm out, 7 nm southwest of the line	marginal VFR Weather: mist	calm	5 mi	none	654 ft	06:35 UTC
SBN South Bend, IN	destination	VFR	calm	8 mi	none	798 ft	2:09 am EDT (06:09 UTC)

The highest airport on this list sits at 1,430 ft; the ground between airports is higher still. Check the sectional chart for the terrain and the minimum safe heights along the line.

At SBN when you get there the forecast at the estimated arrival, 5:30 am EDT (09:30 UTC)

Wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies VFR

The whole forecast for SBN

From Mon 2:00 am EDT (06:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, clear skies
At times between Mon 2:00 am EDT (06:00 UTC) and 5:00 am EDT (09:00 UTC): visibility 2 miles, mist
From Mon 6:00 am EDT (10:00 UTC): wind from the south at 8 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 25,000 feet
From Mon 2:00 pm EDT (18:00 UTC): wind from the south-southwest at 12 knots, gusting to 20, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 25,000 feet
From Mon 8:00 pm EDT (00:00 UTC): wind from the south-southwest at 9 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 10,000 feet

The forecast for FSD, the departure

From Mon 1:00 am CDT (06:00 UTC): wind light and variable, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 25,000 feet
From Mon 7:00 am CDT (12:00 UTC): wind from the east-northeast at 6 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 700 feet
From Mon 2:00 pm CDT (19:00 UTC): wind from the west at 7 knots, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 25,000 feet
From Mon 4:00 pm CDT (21:00 UTC): wind from the west-northwest at 11 knots, gusting to 17, visibility more than 6 miles, a few clouds at 12,000 feet
From Mon 10:00 pm CDT (03:00 UTC): wind from the northwest at 12 knots, gusting to 18, visibility more than 6 miles, scattered clouds at 14,000 feet

Temporary flight restrictions on the line or within 25 nm of it

No temporary flight restriction on or near this route right now.

Daylight

Sunset at FSD 6:49 pm CDT (23:49 UTC), at SBN 7:09 pm EDT (23:09 UTC) (civil twilight ends 7:36 pm EDT (23:36 UTC)). At 120 knots the arrival at SBN is before sunrise there (7:53 am EDT (11:53 UTC)).

Each restriction opens the FAA's own page with the exact area, heights and times. Ordinary notices to air missions (closed runways, lights out) are not shown: the FAA's notice search is not open to sites like this one at this time.

Radar and forecast charts for the regions crossed government pictures, the latest each time the page loads

Radar now, the northern Rockies · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the upper Mississippi valley · loop National Weather Service

Radar now, the central Great Lakes · loop National Weather Service

Radar, the whole country · loop National Weather Service

Surface analysis now Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 12 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Forecast chart, 24 hours ahead Weather Prediction Center

Sources: the Aviation Weather Center's data service (SIGMETs, AIRMETs, graphical AIRMETs, pilot reports, winds and temperatures aloft, observations and terminal forecasts), the National Weather Service radar, the Weather Prediction Center's charts, the FAA's temporary flight restriction list and shapes, and the FAA's airport file for the positions, elevations and magnetic variation. Fetched when the page is viewed and kept a few minutes. Each leg is the straight line between its two airports; airways, terrain and airspace are not considered. The airports in detail: Joe Foss Field, South Bend International.