Lycoming O-360-A4M
418 aircraft on the U.S. register carry a Lycoming O-360-A4M engine, rated at about 180 horsepower. The Piper PA-28 Cherokee, Warrior, Archer and Arrow is the model most often fitted with it (340 aircraft). The aircraft carrying it were built between 1966 and 2022.
The FAA records engines by code, usually at the level of a series ("O-320 series") rather than the exact variant; this page gathers every FAA code that reads as Lycoming O-360-A4M. FAA spelling: O-360-A4M.
Fitted to model families
Piper PA-28 Cherokee, Warrior, Archer and Arrow · Cessna 172 Skyhawk · Diamond Aircraft DA 40 Diamond Star · Cessna F172G · Piper PA-18 Super Cub · Ahlgren Jon E AVID MAGNUM · Andres U Katz VANS RV-8 · Argetsinger Dennis P VANS RV-8 · Clarence Michael Osborne MC SPECIAL · David Magaw RV-4
Where they are owner's state
Kind of aircraft
When the aircraft were built by decade
What the FAA has certified, ordered and been told about the Lycoming O-360-A4M the component layer
No FAA order in the current files names this engine series. Operators and repair shops have filed 559 failure reports with the FAA since 1995, 149 of them in the last ten years.
Failure reports 559 since · what operators and shops told the FAA
Parts most often reported as the reports name them
Latest reports
Sources: the FAA's type certificate data sheets, airworthiness directives, supplemental type certificates, special conditions and special airworthiness information bulletins (Dynamic Regulatory System), and the FAA's service difficulty reports. A failure report is what an operator or repair station chose to file; the counts show reporting as much as reliability, and larger and commercial fleets report more. How the systems are grouped.
Connections how this engine series links to the rest of the register
- Piper PA-28 Cherokee, Warrior, Archer and Arrow 340 with this engine series
- Cessna 172 Skyhawk 23 with this engine series
- Diamond Aircraft DA 40 Diamond Star 12 with this engine series
- Piper PA-18 Super Cub 2 with this engine series
- Stinson 108 Voyager and Station Wagon 1 with this engine series
- Georgia Aviation Authority 27 of these aircraft
- Professional Training Aircraft LLC 23 of these aircraft
- Cae Aviation Academy Phoenix LLC 23 of these aircraft
- Atp Aircraft 9 LLC 23 of these aircraft
- Career Pilot Training LLC 22 of these aircraft
- Failure reports on the Lycoming O-360-A4M 559 reports since 1995
These connections as data: /graph/engine/lycoming-o-360-a4m.json · about the eFlight graph.
Aircraft newest certificates first · 418
| Tail no. | Maker and model | Group | Owner and base | Certificate | Registered | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N396G | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Career Pilot Training LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-08-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N419G | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Career Pilot Training LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-08-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N409FP | Diamond Aircraft DA40 F |
Electric airplane | Aamro Aviation CORP Lake Worth, Florida |
Standard | 2019-08-15 | Reports overdueFAA registration status code N: Non-citizen corporation that has not returned its flight-hour reports. All codes |
| N2477S | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Averett University Danville, Virginia |
Standard | 2019-08-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N94WA | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Vidal Aviation LLC Gaithersburg, Maryland |
Standard | 2019-07-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N84HX | Hooper Kenneth R RV-8 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Driggers Group INC Saint Petersburg, Florida |
Experimental | 2019-07-18 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N6095S | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Ari Ben Aviator INC Fort Pierce, Florida |
Standard | 2019-06-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N59KB | Kent F Bond MURPHY ELITE |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Utah |
Experimental | 2019-06-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N147G | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Aero LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-04-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N243G | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Aero LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-04-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N271G | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Aero LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-04-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N328G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Aero LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-04-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N334G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Aero LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-04-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N374G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Aero LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-04-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N383G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Aero LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-04-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N172WN | Cessna 172N |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Legends Air Center LLC Bentonville, Arkansas |
Experimental | 2019-03-02 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N24139 | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Averett University Danville, Virginia |
Standard | 2019-01-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N93MC | Mark Craven VANS RV7 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Co-owned owner California |
Experimental | 2019-01-10 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N939G | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-01-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N941G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-01-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N953G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-01-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N954G | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2019-01-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N897G | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-12-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N918G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-12-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N927G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-12-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N931G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-12-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N932G | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-12-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N935G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-12-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N845G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-11-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N857G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-11-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N875G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-11-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N890G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-11-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N915G | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Archer Flight LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-11-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N868P | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-10-29 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N867P | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-10-27 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N863P | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-10-18 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N4132D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Texas |
Standard | 2018-10-17 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N861P | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-10-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N856P | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-10-09 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N852P | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-09-28 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N851P | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-09-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N837P | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-09-18 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N838P | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-09-18 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N5678N | Cessna F172G |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Redwood Area Flyers LLC Springfield, Minnesota |
Standard | 2018-09-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N278MG | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Georgia Aviation Authority Eastman, Georgia |
Standard | 2018-09-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N279MG | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Georgia Aviation Authority Eastman, Georgia |
Standard | 2018-09-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N49RL | Cessna 172M |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Martineau Aircraft INC Butte, Montana |
Standard | 2018-08-30 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N870AM | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Mojo Medical LLC Webb City, Missouri |
Standard | 2018-07-25 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N424MR | Clarence Michael Osborne MC SPECIAL |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Mississippi |
Experimental | 2018-06-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N7447N | Cessna F172G |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Jc Flight INC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-05-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N745PA | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Skywest Leasing INC St George, Utah |
Standard | 2018-05-10 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N746PA | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Skywest Leasing INC St George, Utah |
Standard | 2018-05-10 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N742PA | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Skywest Leasing INC St George, Utah |
Standard | 2018-04-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N743PA | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Skywest Leasing INC St George, Utah |
Standard | 2018-04-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N744PA | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Skywest Leasing INC Saint George, Utah |
Standard | 2018-04-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N563K | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-01-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N576K | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2018-01-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N587K | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2017-12-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N592K | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2017-12-21 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N581K | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2017-11-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N586K | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2017-11-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N572K | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2017-09-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N578K | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2017-09-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N545MA | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Skywest Leasing INC St George, Utah |
Standard | 2017-09-12 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N566K | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2017-08-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N568K | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2017-07-24 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N722AK | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | International Air Services INC Trustee Carson City, Nevada |
Standard | 2017-06-02 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N558K | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2017-05-23 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N564K | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2017-05-23 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N6884J | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Hbk Flyers LLC Alton, Illinois |
Standard | 2017-05-19 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N2885D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Lehigh Valley Flying Club INC Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania |
Standard | 2017-04-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N748AK | Andres U Katz VANS RV-8 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Texas |
Experimental | 2017-04-03 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N297MG | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Georgia Aviation Authority Eastman, Georgia |
Standard | 2017-02-16 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N298MG | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Georgia Aviation Authority Eastman, Georgia |
Standard | 2017-02-16 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N547K | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2017-02-15 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N542K | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Atp Aircraft 3 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2017-02-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N4262 | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Regal Dent INC Goshen, New York |
Standard | 2017-01-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N312FM | Argetsinger Dennis P VANS RV-8 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Minnesota |
Experimental | 2017-01-04 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N394D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | National Training 1 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-12-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N395D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | National Training 1 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-12-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N4128T | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner New York |
Standard | 2016-12-19 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N6912J | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Oregon |
Standard | 2016-11-28 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N386D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | National Training 1 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-11-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N391D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | National Training 1 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-11-22 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N392D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | National Training 1 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-10-31 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N393D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | National Training 1 LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-10-31 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N620AC | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Ari Ben Aviator INC Fort Pierce, Florida |
Standard | 2016-10-20 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N384D | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-10-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N385D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-10-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N53447 | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Bank of Utah Trustee Salt Lake City, Utah |
Special flight permit | 2016-10-13 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N381D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-09-30 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N382D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-09-30 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N355D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-09-26 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N349D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-09-14 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N348D | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-09-08 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N4400P | Piper Aircraft Inc PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Cae Oxford Aviation Academy Phoenix INC Mesa, Arizona |
Standard | 2016-09-07 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N347D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-08-29 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N428PB | William L Vander Molen WAG-AERO 2+2 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Individual owner Michigan |
Experimental | 2016-08-19 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N346D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-07-18 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
| N344D | Piper PA-28-181 |
Fixed-wing, single engine | Professional Training Aircraft LLC Wilmington, Delaware |
Standard | 2016-07-11 | ValidFAA registration status code V: Valid registration. All codes |
Source: FAA Civil Aviation Registry, Releasable Aircraft Database (the engine reference table and each aircraft's engine code), October 5, 2026. Horsepower and thrust are the FAA's figures for the series, not for a particular aircraft.
