Cessna 172 accident near Pembroke Pines, Florida, October 31, 2023

The NTSB's narrative final · quoted from the NTSB record

The non-instrument-rated private pilot had previously scheduled a night flight with a safety pilot in another airplane, but the safety pilot was unable to go. The pilot departed on the first leg of the night flight and landed at the destination airport uneventfully. He then departed for the return flight. The pilot reported that, while flying over a non-populated area with no ground reference lights, he experienced altitude deviations that he attributed to spatial disorientation, which was exacerbated by self-reported fatigue. After entering a cloud, the airplane began a right turn while descending, completing multiple right turns with a decreasing turn radius. The airplane subsequently impacted the marshy terrain below. The pilot was able to self-extricate from the wreckage and was rescued more than 6 hours later. Following the accident, the pilot confirmed there was no mechanical failure or malfunction of the airplane’s flight controls. Given this information, during cruise flight at night, over an area with no ground reference lights and after encountering a cloud, the pilot experienced spatial disorientation that was exacerbated by the effects of fatigue. The airplane then entered a right descending turn that was unarrested by the pilot, and that continued to ground contact. Had a safety pilot been present, it is possible that the pilot’s spatial disorientation could have been recognized before it developed into the terminal descent. Personnel from flight school who operated the airplane stated that they were not aware that the pilot was flying the airplane at the time of the accident flight, so it was not immediately apparent to them that the airplane was overdue. Additionally, the pilot did not request flight following services from air traffic control, contrary to the flight school’s recommendation. In addition, the airplane’s 406 MHz emergency locator transmitter (ELT) signal was not detected by the applicable monitoring satellite after the accident, likely due to radio signal attenuation as a result of the ELT’s antenna being partially submerged in water. All of these factors likely contributed to the considerable delay in initiating search and rescue efforts following the accident.

The complete narrative as the NTSB published it. The NTSB's docket holds the report as a PDF and any photographs, statements and other documents from the investigation.