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Accidents · NTSB GAA17CA141 · Final report

Cessna 170 accident near Wheatland, Wyoming, February 13, 2017

On February 13, 2017 at about 9:50 pm local time, a 1951 Cessna 170, registered N1421D, was substantially damaged in an accident during landing (landing roll) near Wheatland, Wyoming (Phiefer Airfield). It was an instructional flight under general aviation rules (Part 91). No one was hurt; 3 people were on board or involved. The weather was visual conditions (good weather).

The NTSB's probable cause their words, unchanged

The flight instructor’s incorrect compensation for the gusting crosswind during the landing roll, which resulted in a loss of directional control and runway excursion.

Source: NTSB aviation accident database, copy made October 5, 2026. Docket and reports at the NTSB.

What the record shows

Date
February 13, 2017 · about 9:50 pm local time
Place
Wheatland, Wyoming · Phiefer Airfield · map
Type
Accident
Injuries
No one was hurt; 3 people were on board or involved.
Weather
visual conditions (good weather)
Aircraft
Cessna 170 A, built 1951 · all 170s on the register
Registration
N1421D · no longer on the register · serial 20134
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional flight · general aviation rules (Part 91)

The NTSB's narrative final · quoted from the NTSB record

The flight instructor in the tailwheel-equipped airplane reported that, during the landing roll, as soon as the tailwheel touched the runway, the airplane veered to the right. He added that he attempted to recover by applying full left rudder, left brake, and right aileron, but the left wing impacted the ground as the airplane exited the runway to the right. Subsequently, the airplane nosed over. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing lift strut, both wings, and empennage. The flight instructor reported that skid marks on the runway indicated that the tailwheel was not rolling freely. He added that, during a postaccident inspection, the left brake pedal went to the lower limit on an initial depression, but later held brake pressure during a second depression. He reported that he would not have been able to recover the airplane back to centerline because of the initial brake pressure response. Further, the flight instructor reported that, about 10 minutes before the accident, the wind was 310° at 13 knots, gusting to 19 knots. In a followup e-mail, the flight instructor reported that there were no brake or tailwheel anomalies noted during the run-up or departure. He also reported that the student pilot did not make any noticeable control inputs during the landing sequence. The Federal Aviation Administration inspector reported that, during a postaccident examination of the airplane 2 days after the accident, he "saw nothing abnormal with the brakes," and he added that the tailwheel was turning. The airplane landed on runway 26. An online commercial weather service provider reported that a nearby station, about 2 minutes before the accident, reported wind 010° at 21 mph, gusting to 24 mph. The passenger in the rear seat provided a video showing the landing roll from the rear seat looking forward. Both the right and left control yokes can be seen, but the rudder pedals cannot be seen. During the beginning of the sequence, the instructor, in the right seat, had his right hand on the control yoke, and the student, in the left seat, had his left hand on the control yoke. Right aileron was applied. During the landing roll, the student added his right hand to the control yoke, and as the airplane veered to the right, left aileron was applied. The camera panned to the left as the right wing lifted and the left wing impacted the ground. The airplane veered left, then nosed over.

The complete narrative as the NTSB published it. The NTSB's docket holds the report as a PDF and any photographs, statements and other documents from the investigation.

The factual record from the NTSB's investigation tables, in plain English

What happened, in order

  1. Loss of control on ground during landing (landing roll) defining event
  2. Attempted remediation/recovery during landing (landing roll)
  3. Runway excursion during landing (landing roll)
  4. Nose over/nose down during landing (landing roll)

The NTSB's findings

  • cause Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability › Performance/control parameters › Directional control › Not attained/maintained
  • cause Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena › Wind › Crosswind › Response/compensation
  • cause Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena › Wind › Gusts › Response/compensation
  • cause Personnel issues › Task performance › Use of equip/info › Aircraft control › Instructor/check pilot
  • Aircraft › Aircraft systems › Landing gear system › Brake › Malfunction

Flight instructor

  • Certificate: airline transport pilot, flight instructor
  • Ratings: multi-engine land; single-engine land; instructor: airplane single-engine; instructor: instrument airplane; instrument: airplane
  • Flight time: 31,000 hours in all; 35 in this make and model; 46 in the last 90 days; 23 in the last 30 days; 29,750 as pilot in command; 2,000 on instruments
  • Last flight review: June 3, 2015
  • Medical certificate: Class 2 (with waivers/limitations)
  • Seat: rgt
  • Injury: no injuries

Dual student

  • Certificate: student
  • Flight time: 37 hours in all; 31 in this make and model; 31 in the last 90 days; 14 in the last 30 days
  • Medical certificate: None
  • Seat: left
  • Injury: no injuries

Passenger

  • Seat: rear
  • Injury: no injuries

The aircraft

  • Airframe total time: 2,618.9 hours
  • Last inspection: annual inspection, October 13, 2016
  • Maximum gross weight: 2,200 lb
  • Seats: 4
  • Landing gear: fixed
  • Engine: Cont Motor C-145-2 (piston); 2,619 hours total

The flight

  • Departed from: GUR Guernsey WY at 8:59 pm
  • Destination: KEAN Wheatland WY
  • Flight plan: none
  • Runway 26, 5,900 ft by 75 ft
  • A second pilot was aboard

Weather at the time

  • Light: daylight
  • Wind: from 350° at 12 knots, gusting 27
  • Visibility: 10 statute miles
  • Sky: clear
  • Temperature: 54°F (12°C), dew point 9°F (-13°C)
  • Altimeter: 30.13 inHg
  • Observation at 9:53 pm from KTOR, 34 miles away

Injuries

FatalSeriousMinorNone
Flight crew2
Passengers1

Documents from the investigation the NTSB's docket: the evidence folder behind the report

5 documents, released by the NTSB on March 28, 2017. View them here, or download them; the NTSB redacts some personal details before release, and this site shows the NTSB's own titles rather than its file names.

The same docket at the NTSB · documents without a copy here are fetched from the NTSB when you open them.

Everything on this page comes from the NTSB's public records. The narrative, probable cause and findings are the NTSB's own words; the coded tables behind the report are written out in plain English, with pilots' ages, home towns and medical details left out. The documents and photographs are the NTSB's docket, shown as the NTSB released them. This site's own text never names anyone involved. A preliminary report can change; the final report usually follows one to two years later, and the page is refreshed when it does.