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Accidents · NTSB ERA12FA056 · Final report

Gulfstream G150 accident near Key West, Florida, October 31, 2011

On October 31, 2011 at about 11:42 pm local time, a Gulfstream G150, registered N480JJ, was substantially damaged in an accident during landing (landing roll) near Key West, Florida (Key West International Airport). It was a personal flight under general aviation rules (Part 91). 1 person was seriously injured and 3 people had minor injuries. The weather was visual conditions (good weather).

The NTSB's probable cause their words, unchanged

The pilot in command's failure to follow the normal landing procedures (placing engines into reverse thrust first and then brake), his delayed decision to continue the landing or go-around, and the flight crew's failure to follow emergency procedures once a perceived loss of brakes occurred. Contributing to the seriousness of the passenger's injury was the improper securing of the passenger seat by maintenance personnel.

Source: NTSB aviation accident database, copy made November 2, 2026. Docket and reports at the NTSB.

What the record shows

Date
October 31, 2011 · about 11:42 pm local time · cases in 2011
Place
Key West, Florida · Key West International Airport · cases near this airport · map
Type
Accident
Injuries
1 person was seriously injured and 3 people had minor injuries.
Weather
visual conditions (good weather)
Aircraft
Gulfstream G150
Registration
N480JJ · registry record · serial 241
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal flight · general aviation rules (Part 91)

The NTSB's narrative final · quoted from the NTSB record

The airplane was approaching the destination airport in night visual meteorological conditions. After losing sight of the runway once and going around, they continued the approach, even though the pilot in command (PIC) stated that he thought they were going to land long. The PIC stated that the main landing gear touched down near the 1,000-foot marker of the 4,801-foot-long runway, about the landing reference speed (Vref) of 120 knots. The PIC stated that he then applied the brakes but thought they were not working; he had not yet activated the thrust reversers. He alerted the second in command (SIC), who also depressed the brake pedals with no apparent results. The PIC suggested a go-around, but the SIC responded that it was too late. The airplane subsequently traveled off the end of the runway, struck a gravel berm, and came to rest about 816 feet beyond the end of the runway. During the impact, one of the passenger seats dislodged from its seat track and was found on the cabin floor, with the passenger still in it. Review of cockpit voice recorder, video, and performance data revealed that the main landing gear touched down at Vref and about 1,650 feet beyond the approach end of the runway. The nosegear then touched down 2.4 seconds later and about 2,120 feet beyond the approach end of the runway, with about 2,680 feet of runway remaining. Digital electronic engine control data revealed that about 8 seconds after weight-on-wheels, the power levers were advanced from the idle position to the takeoff position. The power levers were then returned to the idle position 6 seconds later. The power levers were moved to the reverse thrust position 8 seconds after that and remained in that position for the duration of the accident sequence; both thrust reversers deployed when commanded. Examination and testing of the airplane systems did not reveal any evidence of preimpact mechanical malfunctions with the wheels brakes or any other systems. Although armed, the airbrakes did not deploy upon touchdown; the data available was inconclusive to determine what position the throttles were in at touchdown and why the airbrakes did not deploy. It is likely that the pilots did not detect the wheel braking because its effect was less than expected with the airplane at full power and with the airbrakes stowed. Landing distance data revealed that the airplane required about 2,551 feet to stop at its given weight in the given weather conditions. With a runway distance of 2,680 feet remaining, the airplane could have stopped or gone around uneventfully with appropriate use of all deceleration devices. The landing procedure stated to activate the thrust reversers after nosewheel touchdown and then apply the brakes, as necessary; however, the PIC only applied the brakes. Further, no callouts were made to verify ground spoiler or reverse thrust deployment. The PIC then stated that he was going to go around, but the SIC said it was too late, so the thrust levers were brought back to idle and the reversers were deployed. The PIC's delayed decision to stop or go around resulted in about a 22-second delay in thrust reverser activation, which resulted in the runway overrun. Additionally, the procedure for a (perceived) failed brake system would have been to activate the emergency brake, which neither pilot did. Examination of the seats revealed that a forward-facing seat was installed in the aft-facing position and an aft-facing seat was installed in the forward-facing position. Additionally, the ejected seat's shear plungers were found in the raised position. Had the seat been installed correctly, the plungers would have been in the lowered position, in the seat track. The improper installation most likely resulted in the passenger’s seat separating from the seat track and exacerbating his injuries.

The complete narrative as the NTSB published it. The NTSB's docket holds the report as a PDF and any photographs, statements and other documents from the investigation.

The factual record from the NTSB's investigation tables, in plain English

What happened, in order

  1. Landing area overshoot during landing (flare/touchdown)
  2. Runway excursion during landing (landing roll) defining event
  3. Collision with terrain or object (not controlled flight into terrain) during landing (landing roll)
  4. Landing gear collapse during landing (landing roll)

The NTSB's findings

  • cause Personnel issues › Task performance › Use of equip/info › Use of policy/procedure › Pilot
  • cause Personnel issues › Action/decision › Info processing/decision › Decision making/judgment › Pilot
  • cause Personnel issues › Task performance › Use of equip/info › Use of checklist › Flight crew
  • factor Personnel issues › Task performance › Maintenance › Installation › Maintenance personnel
  • factor Aircraft › Aircraft structures › Fuselage › Seat/cargo attach fitting › Incorrect service/maintenance other cases naming the airframe structure

Pilot

  • Certificate: airline transport pilot, flight instructor, commercial pilot
  • Ratings: multi-engine land; single-engine land; instructor: airplane multi-engine; instructor: airplane single-engine; instructor: instrument airplane; instrument: airplane
  • Flight time: 11,000 hours in all; 290 in this make and model; 66 in the last 90 days; 44 in the last 30 days; 6,230 as pilot in command
  • Last flight review: October 6, 2011
  • Medical certificate: Class 1 (without waivers/limitations)
  • Seat: left
  • Injury: minor injuries

Co-pilot

  • Certificate: airline transport pilot, flight instructor, commercial pilot
  • Ratings: multi-engine land; single-engine land; instructor: airplane multi-engine; instructor: airplane single-engine; instrument: airplane
  • Flight time: 13,800 hours in all; 75 in this make and model; 75 in the last 90 days; 7 in the last 30 days; 13,000 as pilot in command
  • Last flight review: April 25, 2011
  • Medical certificate: Class 1 (with waivers/limitations)
  • Seat: rgt
  • Injury: minor injuries

The aircraft

  • Airframe total time: 1,190 hours
  • Last inspection: continuous airworthiness programme, December 15, 2011; 322 hours since
  • Maximum gross weight: 26,100 lb
  • Seats: 9
  • Landing gear: retractable
  • Engine 1: Honeywell TFE731-40AR (turbofan); 0 hours total
  • Engine 2: Honeywell TFE731-40AR (turbofan); 0 hours total
  • Operator: Hendrick Motorsports Aviation

The flight

  • Departed from: SUA Stuart FL at 11:00 pm
  • Destination: EYW Key West FL
  • Flight plan: IFR
  • Runway 27, 4,801 ft by 100 ft
  • A second pilot was aboard

Weather at the time

  • Light: night, dark
  • Wind: from 360° at 12 knots, gusting 17
  • Visibility: 10 statute miles
  • Sky: broken clouds at 1,000 ft
  • Temperature: 79°F (26°C), dew point 73°F (23°C)
  • Altimeter: 29.95 inHg
  • Observation at 11:53 pm from EYW

Injuries

FatalSeriousMinorNone
Flight crew2
Passengers11

Documents from the investigation the NTSB's docket: the evidence folder behind the report

51 documents, released by the NTSB on February 7, 2013. View them here, or download them; the NTSB redacts some personal details before release, and this site shows the NTSB's own titles rather than its file names.

#DocumentWhat it is
1 Pilot/operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 PDF, 12 pages View Download
2 Additional Flight Crew Follow Up Statement PDF, 2 pages View Download
3 Controller Statement PDF, 1 page View Download
4 Interview Summary PDF, 2 pages View Download
5 Interview Summary - Eyw Airport Manager PDF, 1 page View Download
6 Computed Tomography Specialist's Factual Report with 10 Embedded Images) PDF, 14 pages View Download
7 Non-volatile Memory Devices - Specialist's Factual Report PDF, 11 pages View Download
8 Non-volatile Memory Devices - Attachment 1 - Tabular Data - (Csv Format) data file Download
9 Factual Report of on Scene Cabin Documentation PDF, 3 pages View Download
10 Survival Factors 6 - Factual Report of Group Chairman PDF, 14 pages View Download
11 Survival Factors 6 - Attachment 1 PDF, 6 pages View Download
12 Survival Factors 6 - Attachment 2 PDF, 4 pages View Download
13 Survival Factors 6 - Attachment 3 PDF, 24 pages View Download
14 Survival Factors 6 - Attachment 4 PDF, 2 pages View Download
15 Survival Factors 6 - Attachment 5 PDF, 2 pages View Download
16 Survival Factors 6 - Attachment 6 PDF, 2 pages View Download
17 Survival Factors 6 - Attachment 7 PDF, 4 pages View Download
18 Systems 9 - Factual Report of Group Chairman PDF, 32 pages View Download
19 Cockpit Voice Recorder 12 - Factual Report of Group Chairman PDF, 26 pages View Download
20 Video/audio Study Report PDF, 17 pages View Download
21 Aircraft Performance 13 - Study PDF, 121 pages View Download
22 Key West Surface Weather Observation PDF, 1 page View Download
23 Key West Instrument Approach RNAV (GPS) Runway 27 PDF, 1 page View Download
24 Human Performance 14 - Factual Report of Group Chairman PDF, 6 pages View Download
25 Human Performance 14 - Attachment 1: Interview Summaries PDF, 21 pages View Download
26 Sun and Moon Data PDF, 1 page View Download
27 Key West Airport Diagram PDF, 1 page View Download
28 Flight Plan PDF, 1 page View Download
29 Extract Hendrick Motorsport Flight Operations Manual PDF, 9 pages View Download
30 Extract Hendrick G150 Standard Operating Procedures PDF, 7 pages View Download
31 G150 Cockpit Card/checklist PDF, 1 page View Download
32 Extract G150 Quick Reference Handbook, Brake Procedures PDF, 4 pages View Download
33 Landing Distance Data, N480JJ PDF, 2 pages View Download
34 Extract Aircraft Logbooks PDF, 17 pages View Download
35 Fuel Receipt PDF, 1 page View Download
36 Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation PDF, 2 pages View Download
37 Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 PDF, 1 page View Download
38 Evidence Control Forms PDF, 11 pages View Download
39 Photo 1 High Altitude Vertical View of Eyw Airport.. Source Key West Airport Authority PDF, 1 page View Download
40 Photo 2 View of Departure End of Runway. Photo NTSB PDF, 1 page View Download
41 Photo 3 View Looking Back at Initial Overrun. Photo NTSB PDF, 1 page View Download
42 Photo 4 View of Overrun with Dirt Road in Background. Photo NTSB PDF, 1 page View Download
43 Photo 5 Left Rear Side View of Airplane at Rest. Photo FAA PDF, 1 page View Download
44 Photo 6 Left Forwrard Side View of Airplane. Photo NTSB PDF, 1 page View Download
45 Photo 7 Right Side View of Airplane. Photo NTSB PDF, 1 page View Download
46 Photo 8 Rear View of Airplane at Rest. Photo NTSB PDF, 1 page View Download
47 Photo 9 Left Front View of Cockpit Area During Recovery. Photo NTSB PDF, 1 page View Download
48 Photo 10 Front View of Airplane During Recovery. Photo NTSB PDF, 1 page View Download
49 Photo 11 Left Side View of Airplane During Recovery. Photo NTSB PDF, 1 page View Download
50 Photo 12 Emergency Brake Handle as Found After the Accident.. NTSB Photo PDF, 1 page View Download
51 Photo 13 Cockpit Center Pedestal as Found After the Accident. NTSB Photo PDF, 1 page View Download

The same docket at the NTSB · documents without a copy here are fetched from the NTSB when you open them.

Connections how this case links to the rest of the register

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The whole map of how records connect · these connections as data: /graph/accident/ERA12FA056.json.

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Everything on this page comes from the NTSB's public records. The narrative, probable cause and findings are the NTSB's own words; the coded tables behind the report are written out in plain English, with pilots' ages, home towns and medical details left out. The documents and photographs are the NTSB's docket, shown as the NTSB released them. This site's own text does not name anyone involved, its policy at this time. A preliminary report can change; the final report usually follows one to two years later, and the page is refreshed when it does.