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Accidents · NTSB CEN14FA110 · Final report

Cessna 310R accident near Waterford, Michigan, January 11, 2014

On January 11, 2014, a 1977 Cessna 310R, registered N3829G, was destroyed in an accident during approach (IFR final approach) near Waterford, Michigan (Oakland County International A airport). It was a positioning flight under general aviation rules (Part 91). 1 person was killed. The weather was instrument conditions (cloud, fog or low visibility).

The NTSB's probable cause their words, unchanged

The pilot's controlled flight into terrain during an instrument landing system approach at night in instrument flight rules conditions. Contributing to the accident were the operator's inadequate training of the pilot, the operator's failure to provide a level of oversight commensurate to the pilot's experience, and the pilot's lack of operational experience in actual night instrument conditions in the make and model of the airplane.

Source: NTSB aviation accident database, copy made November 2, 2026. Docket and reports at the NTSB.

What the record shows

Date
January 11, 2014 · cases in 2014
Place
Waterford, Michigan · Oakland County International A · cases near this airport · map
Type
Accident
Injuries
1 person was killed.
Weather
instrument conditions (cloud, fog or low visibility)
Aircraft
Cessna 310R, built 1977 · all 310Rs on the register
Registration
N3829G · no longer on the register · serial 924
Damage
Destroyed
Flight
Positioning flight · general aviation rules (Part 91)

The NTSB's narrative final · quoted from the NTSB record

The airplane, operated by an on-demand cargo carrier and flown by a newly hired pilot, was on a positioning flight when it impacted trees and terrain about 1,500 ft short of the runway during a straight-in instrument landing system (ILS) approach. Night instrument flight rules (IFR) conditions prevailed with recorded weather observations that were below the minimum visibility specified for the approach. Radar data showed that while on the final segment of the ILS approach, the airplane's approach was unstabilized in speed and position along the glidepath. The shallow angle of the wreckage path and its length were consistent with controlled flight into terrain. Examination of the wreckage revealed no anomalies that would have precluded normal aircraft operation. The pilot had undergone company training provided by the company's president, who was also the director of operations, and the chief pilot; these two individuals were the only company instructors approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to provide Part 135 training in accordance with the company training manual. However, the majority of the pilot's flight training in the accident airplane make and model was during a flight with a company pilot who was not approved by the FAA to provide Part 135 instruction. Further, although company records stated that the pilot met the training requirements for ground and flight training in accordance with the company training manual, the minimum flight times in the accident airplane make and model were not met and the method of ground instruction was not followed in accordance with the company training manual. A review of the weather for the pilot's previous company flights showed that he had not flown in actual conditions that were at approach minimums at night, similar to those at the time of the accident. The chief pilot stated that higher approach weather minimum limitations were placed upon the pilot and that company dispatchers watched most new pilots' minimums until they got more experience with the company. However, although the dispatch manager indicated he was aware of weather limitations for the pilot, he stated that the dispatchers had no means of routinely communicating with the pilots inflight, and he could not recall when there had been any other pilots with weather limitations. Furthermore, there was no FAA-approved program or policy within the company operations specifications or other manual for higher approach minimum limitations based upon experience for company pilots of piston engine powered airplanes such as the accident airplane.

The complete narrative as the NTSB published it. The NTSB's docket holds the report as a PDF and any photographs, statements and other documents from the investigation.

The factual record from the NTSB's investigation tables, in plain English

What happened, in order

  1. Altitude deviation during approach (IFR final approach)
  2. Controlled flight into terrain or object (CFIT) during approach (IFR final approach) defining event

The NTSB's findings

  • cause Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability › Performance/control parameters › Descent/approach/glide path › Not attained/maintained
  • cause Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability › Performance/control parameters › Altitude › Not attained/maintained
  • cause Personnel issues › Task performance › Use of equip/info › (general) › Pilot
  • cause Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena › Ceiling/visibility/precip › Low visibility › Effect on personnel
  • factor Organizational issues › Support/oversight/monitoring › Training › (general) › Operator
  • factor Organizational issues › Support/oversight/monitoring › Oversight › Oversight of personnel › Operator
  • factor Personnel issues › Experience/knowledge › Experience/qualifications › Total experience w/ equipment › Pilot

Pilot

  • Certificate: commercial pilot
  • Ratings: multi-engine land; single-engine land; instrument: airplane
  • Flight time: 1,908 hours in all; 41 in this make and model
  • Medical certificate: Class 1 (without waivers/limitations)
  • Seat: left
  • Injury: fatal

The aircraft

  • Airframe total time: 4,427.9 hours
  • Last inspection: continuous airworthiness programme, August 23, 2013; 221 hours since
  • Maximum gross weight: 5,680 lb
  • Seats: 2
  • Landing gear: fixed
  • Engine 1: Continetal Motors IO-520-MB (piston); 0 hours total
  • Engine 2: Continental Motors IO-520-MB (piston); 1,897 hours total
  • Fire on the ground
  • Operator: Royal Air Freight, Inc

The flight

  • Departed from: FTY Atlanta GA at 10:01 pm
  • Destination: PTK Waterford MI
  • Flight plan: IFR
  • Runway 9R, 6,521 ft by 150 ft

Weather at the time

  • Light: night
  • Wind: from 150° at 10 knots
  • Visibility: 0.2 statute miles
  • Sky: vv at 200 ft
  • Temperature: 36°F (2°C), dew point 34°F (1°C)
  • Altimeter: 29.86 inHg

Injuries

FatalSeriousMinorNone
Flight crew1

Documents from the investigation the NTSB's docket: the evidence folder behind the report

64 documents, released by the NTSB on December 4, 2015. View them here, or download them; the NTSB redacts some personal details before release, and this site shows the NTSB's own titles rather than its file names.

#DocumentWhat it is
1 Pilot/operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 PDF, 8 pages View Download
2 Statement by Captain of Learjet N62RA RAX131 PDF, 1 page View Download
3 Statement by Captain of Challenger N235EF PDF, 2 pages View Download
4 Record of Conversation with Lauren Demos on January 12, 2014 PDF, 2 pages View Download
5 Record of Conversation with Lauren Demos on January 21, 2014 PDF, 3 pages View Download
6 Record of Conversation on January 12, 2014 with Kirt Kostich and Ron Birnie PDF, 2 pages View Download
7 Record of Conversation with Kirt Kostich on January 16, 2014 PDF, 1 page View Download
8 Letter to Kirt Kostich Requesting Personnel Interview/logbooks - January 24, 2014 PDF, 2 pages View Download
9 Record of Converation with Ron Birnie on January 27, 2014 PDF, 1 page View Download
10 Record of Conversation with Phil Bibee on January 17, 2014 PDF, 2 pages View Download
11 Record of Conversation with Phil Bibee on January 28, 2014 PDF, 1 page View Download
12 FAA Inspector's Record of Conversation with Phil Bibee on January 29, 2014 PDF, 1 page View Download
13 Record of Conversation with Art Hartley on January 17, 2014 PDF, 3 pages View Download
14 Record of Conversation with Michael Cary on January 15, 2015 PDF, 1 page View Download
15 Transcript of Interview - Todd Beck PDF, 17 pages View Download
16 Transcript of Interview - Robert Beckman PDF, 42 pages View Download
17 Transcript of Interview - Ron Birnie PDF, 53 pages View Download
18 Transcript of Interview - Michael Hagler PDF, 14 pages View Download
19 Transcript of Interview - Kirt Kostich PDF, 20 pages View Download
20 Transcript of Interview - Franklin Lampini PDF, 24 pages View Download
21 Transcript of Interview - Eric Marshall PDF, 26 pages View Download
22 Transcript of Interview - William Mccavey PDF, 33 pages View Download
23 Transcript of Interview - Rory Tarp PDF, 26 pages View Download
24 Transcript of Interview - Ben Wood PDF, 20 pages View Download
25 Transcript of Interview - Adam Fliegel PDF, 61 pages View Download
26 NTSB Air Traffic Control Factual Report PDF, 7 pages View Download
27 FAA Air Traffic Control Accident Report PDF, 93 pages View Download
28 Meteorology - Weather Study PDF, 15 pages View Download
29 Attachment 1 to Weather Study PDF, 2 pages View Download
30 Attachment 2 to Weather Study PDF, 13 pages View Download
31 Attachment 3 to Weather Study PDF, 9 pages View Download
32 NTSB radar Performance Study PDF, 10 pages View Download
33 Flightaware Plot of RAX907 for December 19, 2014 PDF, 3 pages View Download
34 NTSB Personal Electronic Device Factual Report PDF, 2 pages View Download
35 Resume - Pilot PDF, 1 page View Download
36 Logbook - Pilot PDF, 27 pages View Download
37 Royal Air Freight, Inc. Training Records - Pilot PDF, 7 pages View Download
38 Airman Competency/proficiency Check FAR 135 Form 8410-3 - Pilot PDF, 1 page View Download
39 Aircraft Logbook Excerpt PDF, 7 pages View Download
40 Aircraft Fuel Receipt - January 7, 2014 PDF, 2 pages View Download
41 Aircraft Work Order - January 10, 2014 PDF, 4 pages View Download
42 Daily Record Sheets - Pilot PDF, 8 pages View Download
43 Duty Time Form for Janaury 2014 - Pilot PDF, 1 page View Download
44 Toxicological Report PDF, 1 page View Download
45 Royal Air Freight, Inc. Training Manual PDF, 358 pages View Download
46 Royal Air Freight, Inc. General Operations Manual PDF, 196 pages View Download
47 Royal Air Frieght, Inc, Operations Specifications PDF, 120 pages View Download
48 Royal Air Freight, Inc. Training Record - Adam Fliegel PDF, 8 pages View Download
49 Logbook - Adam Fliegel PDF, 2 pages View Download
50 Flight Safety Foundation Alar Briefing Note 7.1 Stabalized Approach PDF, 1 page View Download
51 Avweb Leading Edge 23 Stabilized Approaches in Light Airplanes PDF, 4 pages View Download
52 Faa’s Instrument Procedures Handbook (FAA H-8083 16), Chapter 4 PDF, 88 pages View Download
53 FAA Advisory Circular (Ac) 61-134 - Controlled Flight Into Terrain Awareness PDF, 2 pages View Download
54 Ptk ILS 9R Appoach PDF, 1 page View Download
55 Fnt ILS 9 Appoach PDF, 1 page View Download
56 Wreckage Diagrams PDF, 1 page View Download
57 Photo Array PDF, 5 pages View Download
58 Photo of Wreckage Path PDF, 1 page View Download
59 Photo of Main Wreckage PDF, 1 page View Download
60 Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 PDF, 2 pages View Download
61 Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation- Continental Motors PDF, 1 page View Download
62 Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation - Mccauley Propeller PDF, 1 page View Download
63 Airman Certification Record - Pilot PDF, 23 pages View Download
64 Final Report Figures 1-9 PDF, 7 pages View Download

The same docket at the NTSB · documents without a copy here are fetched from the NTSB when you open them.

Connections how this case links to the rest of the register

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The whole map of how records connect · these connections as data: /graph/accident/CEN14FA110.json.

The bigger picture in Aviation Analytics: accidents over time since 1982, by model, by phase of flight and conditions, by place and on the map.

Everything on this page comes from the NTSB's public records. The narrative, probable cause and findings are the NTSB's own words; the coded tables behind the report are written out in plain English, with pilots' ages, home towns and medical details left out. The documents and photographs are the NTSB's docket, shown as the NTSB released them. This site's own text does not name anyone involved, its policy at this time. A preliminary report can change; the final report usually follows one to two years later, and the page is refreshed when it does.